6fec

Structural highlights

Disease

[RS17_HUMAN] Blackfan-Diamond disease. Diamond-Blackfan anemia 4 (DBA4) [MIM:612527]: A form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of developing leukemia. 30 to 40% of Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients present with short stature and congenital anomalies, the most frequent being craniofacial (Pierre-Robin syndrome and cleft palate), thumb and urogenital anomalies. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.^{[1] [2]} [RS7_HUMAN] Blackfan-Diamond disease. Diamond-Blackfan anemia 8 (DBA8) [MIM:612563]: A form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of malignancy. 30 to 40% of Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients present with short stature and congenital anomalies, the most frequent being craniofacial (Pierre-Robin syndrome and cleft palate), thumb and urogenital anomalies. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.^[3] [RS10_HUMAN] Blackfan-Diamond disease. Diamond-Blackfan anemia 9 (DBA9) [MIM:613308]: A form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of malignancy. 30 to 40% of Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients present with short stature and congenital anomalies, the most frequent being craniofacial (Pierre-Robin syndrome and cleft palate), thumb and urogenital anomalies. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.^[4] [IF2G_HUMAN] The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [RS24_HUMAN] Blackfan-Diamond disease. Diamond-Blackfan anemia 3 (DBA3) [MIM:610629]: A form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of developing leukemia. 30 to 40% of Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients present with short stature and congenital anomalies, the most frequent being craniofacial (Pierre-Robin syndrome and cleft palate), thumb and urogenital anomalies. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.^[5] [RS14_HUMAN] Myelodysplastic syndrome associated with isolated del(5q) chromosome abnormality.

Function

[EIF3L_HUMAN] Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis (PubMed:17581632, PubMed:25849773, PubMed:27462815). The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation (PubMed:17581632). The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, including cell cycling, differentiation and apoptosis, and uses different modes of RNA stem-loop binding to exert either translational activation or repression (PubMed:25849773).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_03011]^{[6] [7] [8]} (Microbial infection) In case of FCV infection, plays a role in the ribosomal termination-reinitiation event leading to the translation of VP2 (PubMed:18056426).^[9] [RS7_HUMAN] Required for rRNA maturation.^[10] [RS18_HUMAN] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [RS27A_HUMAN] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.^{[11] [12]} Ribosomal protein S27a is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome.^{[13] [14]} [IF4B_HUMAN] Required for the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. Functions in close association with EIF4-F and EIF4-A. Binds near the 5'-terminal cap of mRNA in presence of EIF-4F and ATP. Promotes the ATPase activity and the ATP-dependent RNA unwinding activity of both EIF4-A and EIF4-F. [RS10_HUMAN] Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. [IF2G_HUMAN] As a subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), involved in the early steps of protein synthesis. In the presence of GTP, eIF2 forms a ternary complex with initiator tRNA Met-tRNAi and then recruits the 40S ribosomal complex, a step that determines the rate of protein translation. This step is followed by mRNA binding to form the 43S pre-initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF2 and release of an eIF2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF2B (By similarity). Along with its paralog on chromosome Y, may contribute to spermatogenesis up to the round spermatid stage (By similarity).[UniProtKB:Q9Z0N1] [EIF3K_HUMAN] Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S preinitiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation. [EIF3E_HUMAN] Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis (PubMed:17581632, PubMed:25849773, PubMed:27462815). The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation (PubMed:17581632). The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, including cell cycling, differentiation and apoptosis, and uses different modes of RNA stem-loop binding to exert either translational activation or repression (PubMed:25849773). Required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD); may act in conjunction with UPF2 to divert mRNAs from translation to the NMD pathway (PubMed:17468741). May interact with MCM7 and EPAS1 and regulate the proteasome-mediated degradation of these proteins (PubMed:17310990, PubMed:17324924).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_03004]^{[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]} [RACK1_HUMAN] Involved in the recruitment, assembly and/or regulation of a variety of signaling molecules. Interacts with a wide variety of proteins and plays a role in many cellular processes. Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit involved in translational repression. Binds to and stabilizes activated protein kinase C (PKC), increasing PKC-mediated phosphorylation. May recruit activated PKC to the ribosome, leading to phosphorylation of EIF6. Inhibits the activity of SRC kinases including SRC, LCK and YES1. Inhibits cell growth by prolonging the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Enhances phosphorylation of BMAL1 by PRKCA and inhibits transcriptional activity of the BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimer. Facilitates ligand-independent nuclear translocation of AR following PKC activation, represses AR transactivation activity and is required for phosphorylation of AR by SRC. Modulates IGF1R-dependent integrin signaling and promotes cell spreading and contact with the extracellular matrix. Involved in PKC-dependent translocation of ADAM12 to the cell membrane. Promotes the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins such as CLEC1B and HIF1A. Required for VANGL2 membrane localization, inhibits Wnt signaling, and regulates cellular polarization and oriented cell division during gastrulation. Required for PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Regulates internalization of the muscarinic receptor CHRM2. Promotes apoptosis by increasing oligomerization of BAX and disrupting the interaction of BAX with the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2L. Inhibits TRPM6 channel activity. Regulates cell surface expression of some GPCRs such as TBXA2R. Plays a role in regulation of FLT1-mediated cell migration. Involved in the transport of ABCB4 from the Golgi to the apical bile canalicular membrane (PubMed:19674157). Binds to Y.pseudotuberculosis yopK which leads to inhibition of phagocytosis and survival of bacteria following infection of host cells. Enhances phosphorylation of HIV-1 Nef by PKCs. Promotes migration of breast carcinoma cells by binding to and activating RHOA.^{[21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40]} [RS24_HUMAN] Required for processing of pre-rRNA and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.^[41] [EIF3M_HUMAN] Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis (PubMed:17403899, PubMed:25849773, PubMed:27462815). The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation (PubMed:17403899). The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, including cell cycling, differentiation and apoptosis, and uses different modes of RNA stem-loop binding to exert either translational activation or repression (PubMed:25849773).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_03012]^{[42] [43] [44]} (Microbial infection) May favor virus entry in case of infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) or herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2).^[45] [RSSA_HUMAN] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Also functions as a cell surface receptor for laminin. Plays a role in cell adhesion to the basement membrane and in the consequent activation of signaling transduction pathways. May play a role in cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Acts as a PPP1R16B-dependent substrate of PPP1CA. Also acts as a receptor for several other ligands, including the pathogenic prion protein, viruses, and bacteria.^{[46] [47] [48]} [RS6_HUMAN] May play an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA. [RS3A_HUMAN] May play a role during erythropoiesis through regulation of transcription factor DDIT3 (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_03122]

See Also

• Ribosome 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Cmejla R, Cmejlova J, Handrkova H, Petrak J, Pospisilova D. Ribosomal protein S17 gene (RPS17) is mutated in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Hum Mutat. 2007 Dec;28(12):1178-82. PMID:17647292 doi:10.1002/humu.20608
2. ↑ Gazda HT, Sheen MR, Vlachos A, Choesmel V, O'Donohue MF, Schneider H, Darras N, Hasman C, Sieff CA, Newburger PE, Ball SE, Niewiadomska E, Matysiak M, Zaucha JM, Glader B, Niemeyer C, Meerpohl JJ, Atsidaftos E, Lipton JM, Gleizes PE, Beggs AH. Ribosomal protein L5 and L11 mutations are associated with cleft palate and abnormal thumbs in Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Dec;83(6):769-80. PMID:19061985 doi:S0002-9297(08)00589-2
3. ↑ Gazda HT, Sheen MR, Vlachos A, Choesmel V, O'Donohue MF, Schneider H, Darras N, Hasman C, Sieff CA, Newburger PE, Ball SE, Niewiadomska E, Matysiak M, Zaucha JM, Glader B, Niemeyer C, Meerpohl JJ, Atsidaftos E, Lipton JM, Gleizes PE, Beggs AH. Ribosomal protein L5 and L11 mutations are associated with cleft palate and abnormal thumbs in Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Dec;83(6):769-80. PMID:19061985 doi:S0002-9297(08)00589-2
4. ↑ Doherty L, Sheen MR, Vlachos A, Choesmel V, O'Donohue MF, Clinton C, Schneider HE, Sieff CA, Newburger PE, Ball SE, Niewiadomska E, Matysiak M, Glader B, Arceci RJ, Farrar JE, Atsidaftos E, Lipton JM, Gleizes PE, Gazda HT. Ribosomal protein genes RPS10 and RPS26 are commonly mutated in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Feb 12;86(2):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.12.015. Epub, 2010 Jan 28. PMID:20116044 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.12.015
5. ↑ Gazda HT, Grabowska A, Merida-Long LB, Latawiec E, Schneider HE, Lipton JM, Vlachos A, Atsidaftos E, Ball SE, Orfali KA, Niewiadomska E, Da Costa L, Tchernia G, Niemeyer C, Meerpohl JJ, Stahl J, Schratt G, Glader B, Backer K, Wong C, Nathan DG, Beggs AH, Sieff CA. Ribosomal protein S24 gene is mutated in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Dec;79(6):1110-8. Epub 2006 Nov 2. PMID:17186470 doi:10.1086/510020
6. ↑ Masutani M, Sonenberg N, Yokoyama S, Imataka H. Reconstitution reveals the functional core of mammalian eIF3. EMBO J. 2007 Jul 25;26(14):3373-83. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601765. Epub 2007 Jun , 21. PMID:17581632 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601765
7. ↑ Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Cate JH. eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression. Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):111-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14267. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PMID:25849773 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14267
8. ↑ Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Doudna JA, Cate JH. eIF3d is an mRNA cap-binding protein that is required for specialized translation initiation. Nature. 2016 Aug 4;536(7614):96-9. PMID:27462815 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18954
9. ↑ Poyry TA, Kaminski A, Connell EJ, Fraser CS, Jackson RJ. The mechanism of an exceptional case of reinitiation after translation of a long ORF reveals why such events do not generally occur in mammalian mRNA translation. Genes Dev. 2007 Dec 1;21(23):3149-62. doi: 10.1101/gad.439507. PMID:18056426 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.439507
10. ↑ Gazda HT, Sheen MR, Vlachos A, Choesmel V, O'Donohue MF, Schneider H, Darras N, Hasman C, Sieff CA, Newburger PE, Ball SE, Niewiadomska E, Matysiak M, Zaucha JM, Glader B, Niemeyer C, Meerpohl JJ, Atsidaftos E, Lipton JM, Gleizes PE, Beggs AH. Ribosomal protein L5 and L11 mutations are associated with cleft palate and abnormal thumbs in Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Dec;83(6):769-80. PMID:19061985 doi:S0002-9297(08)00589-2
11. ↑ Huang F, Kirkpatrick D, Jiang X, Gygi S, Sorkin A. Differential regulation of EGF receptor internalization and degradation by multiubiquitination within the kinase domain. Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 17;21(6):737-48. PMID:16543144 doi:S1097-2765(06)00120-1
12. ↑ Komander D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):937-53. doi: 10.1042/BST0370937. PMID:19754430 doi:10.1042/BST0370937
13. ↑ Huang F, Kirkpatrick D, Jiang X, Gygi S, Sorkin A. Differential regulation of EGF receptor internalization and degradation by multiubiquitination within the kinase domain. Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 17;21(6):737-48. PMID:16543144 doi:S1097-2765(06)00120-1
14. ↑ Komander D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination. Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Oct;37(Pt 5):937-53. doi: 10.1042/BST0370937. PMID:19754430 doi:10.1042/BST0370937
15. ↑ Buchsbaum S, Morris C, Bochard V, Jalinot P. Human INT6 interacts with MCM7 and regulates its stability during S phase of the cell cycle. Oncogene. 2007 Aug 2;26(35):5132-44. Epub 2007 Feb 19. PMID:17310990 doi:http://dx.doi.org/1210314
16. ↑ Chen L, Uchida K, Endler A, Shibasaki F. Mammalian tumor suppressor Int6 specifically targets hypoxia inducible factor 2 alpha for degradation by hypoxia- and pVHL-independent regulation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 27;282(17):12707-16. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M700423200. Epub 2007, Feb 26. PMID:17324924 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M700423200
17. ↑ Morris C, Wittmann J, Jack HM, Jalinot P. Human INT6/eIF3e is required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. EMBO Rep. 2007 Jun;8(6):596-602. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400955. Epub 2007 Apr 20. PMID:17468741 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400955
18. ↑ Masutani M, Sonenberg N, Yokoyama S, Imataka H. Reconstitution reveals the functional core of mammalian eIF3. EMBO J. 2007 Jul 25;26(14):3373-83. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601765. Epub 2007 Jun , 21. PMID:17581632 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601765
19. ↑ Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Cate JH. eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression. Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):111-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14267. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PMID:25849773 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14267
20. ↑ Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Doudna JA, Cate JH. eIF3d is an mRNA cap-binding protein that is required for specialized translation initiation. Nature. 2016 Aug 4;536(7614):96-9. PMID:27462815 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18954
21. ↑ Gallina A, Rossi F, Milanesi G. Rack1 binds HIV-1 Nef and can act as a Nef-protein kinase C adaptor. Virology. 2001 Apr 25;283(1):7-18. PMID:11312657 doi:10.1006/viro.2001.0855
22. ↑ Hermanto U, Zong CS, Li W, Wang LH. RACK1, an insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor-interacting protein, modulates IGF-I-dependent integrin signaling and promotes cell spreading and contact with extracellular matrix. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;22(7):2345-65. PMID:11884618
23. ↑ Cox EA, Bennin D, Doan AT, O'Toole T, Huttenlocher A. RACK1 regulates integrin-mediated adhesion, protrusion, and chemotactic cell migration via its Src-binding site. Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Feb;14(2):658-69. PMID:12589061 doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0142
24. ↑ Rigas AC, Ozanne DM, Neal DE, Robson CN. The scaffolding protein RACK1 interacts with androgen receptor and promotes cross-talk through a protein kinase C signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14;278(46):46087-93. Epub 2003 Sep 4. PMID:12958311 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M306219200
25. ↑ Kraus S, Gioeli D, Vomastek T, Gordon V, Weber MJ. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and Src regulate the tyrosine phosphorylation and function of the androgen receptor. Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 15;66(22):11047-54. PMID:17108144 doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0596
26. ↑ Liu YV, Baek JH, Zhang H, Diez R, Cole RN, Semenza GL. RACK1 competes with HSP90 for binding to HIF-1alpha and is required for O(2)-independent and HSP90 inhibitor-induced degradation of HIF-1alpha. Mol Cell. 2007 Jan 26;25(2):207-17. PMID:17244529 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.01.001
27. ↑ Chuang NN, Huang CC. Interaction of integrin beta1 with cytokeratin 1 in neuroblastoma NMB7 cells. Biochem Soc Trans. 2007 Nov;35(Pt 5):1292-4. PMID:17956333 doi:10.1042/BST0351292
28. ↑ Parent A, Laroche G, Hamelin E, Parent JL. RACK1 regulates the cell surface expression of the G protein-coupled receptor for thromboxane A(2). Traffic. 2008 Mar;9(3):394-407. Epub 2007 Dec 14. PMID:18088317 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00692.x
29. ↑ Cao G, Thebault S, van der Wijst J, van der Kemp A, Lasonder E, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG. RACK1 inhibits TRPM6 activity via phosphorylation of the fused alpha-kinase domain. Curr Biol. 2008 Feb 12;18(3):168-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.058. PMID:18258429 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.058
30. ↑ Bourd-Boittin K, Le Pabic H, Bonnier D, L'Helgoualc'h A, Theret N. RACK1, a new ADAM12 interacting protein. Contribution to liver fibrogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 19;283(38):26000-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M709829200. Epub 2008 , Jul 11. PMID:18621736 doi:10.1074/jbc.M709829200
31. ↑ Kiely PA, Baillie GS, Barrett R, Buckley DA, Adams DR, Houslay MD, O'Connor R. Phosphorylation of RACK1 on tyrosine 52 by c-Abl is required for insulin-like growth factor I-mediated regulation of focal adhesion kinase. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 24;284(30):20263-74. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.017640. Epub, 2009 May 7. PMID:19423701 doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.017640
32. ↑ Ikebuchi Y, Takada T, Ito K, Yoshikado T, Anzai N, Kanai Y, Suzuki H. Receptor for activated C-kinase 1 regulates the cellular localization and function of ABCB4. Hepatol Res. 2009 Nov;39(11):1091-107. doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00544.x., Epub 2009 Aug 6. PMID:19674157 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00544.x
33. ↑ Ruan Y, Guo L, Qiao Y, Hong Y, Zhou L, Sun L, Wang L, Zhu H, Wang L, Yun X, Xie J, Gu J. RACK1 associates with CLEC-2 and promotes its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Dec 11;390(2):217-22. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.087. Epub 2009 Sep 26. PMID:19785988 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.087
34. ↑ Cao XX, Xu JD, Xu JW, Liu XL, Cheng YY, Li QQ, Xu ZD, Liu XP. RACK1 promotes breast carcinoma migration/metastasis via activation of the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Apr;126(3):555-63. doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-0955-3. , Epub 2010 May 25. PMID:20499158 doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0955-3
35. ↑ Wu Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Ren F, Chang D, Chang Z, Jia B. RACK1 promotes Bax oligomerization and dissociates the interaction of Bax and Bcl-XL. Cell Signal. 2010 Oct;22(10):1495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.05.018. Epub, 2010 Jun 10. PMID:20541605 doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.05.018
36. ↑ Schaffler K, Schulz K, Hirmer A, Wiesner J, Grimm M, Sickmann A, Fischer U. A stimulatory role for the La-related protein 4B in translation. RNA. 2010 Aug;16(8):1488-99. doi: 10.1261/rna.2146910. Epub 2010 Jun 23. PMID:20573744 doi:10.1261/rna.2146910
37. ↑ Reiner CL, McCullar JS, Kow RL, Le JH, Goodlett DR, Nathanson NM. RACK1 associates with muscarinic receptors and regulates M(2) receptor trafficking. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 20;5(10):e13517. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013517. PMID:20976005 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013517
38. ↑ Wang F, Yamauchi M, Muramatsu M, Osawa T, Tsuchida R, Shibuya M. RACK1 regulates VEGF/Flt1-mediated cell migration via activation of a PI3K/Akt pathway. J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 18;286(11):9097-106. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.165605. Epub, 2011 Jan 6. PMID:21212275 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.165605
39. ↑ Thorslund SE, Edgren T, Pettersson J, Nordfelth R, Sellin ME, Ivanova E, Francis MS, Isaksson EL, Wolf-Watz H, Fallman M. The RACK1 signaling scaffold protein selectively interacts with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence function. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 10;6(2):e16784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016784. PMID:21347310 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016784
40. ↑ Chang BY, Conroy KB, Machleder EM, Cartwright CA. RACK1, a receptor for activated C kinase and a homolog of the beta subunit of G proteins, inhibits activity of src tyrosine kinases and growth of NIH 3T3 cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3245-56. PMID:9584165
41. ↑ Choesmel V, Fribourg S, Aguissa-Toure AH, Pinaud N, Legrand P, Gazda HT, Gleizes PE. Mutation of ribosomal protein RPS24 in Diamond-Blackfan anemia results in a ribosome biogenesis disorder. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 May 1;17(9):1253-63. Epub 2008 Jan 29. PMID:18230666 doi:ddn015
42. ↑ Luke-Glaser S, Roy M, Larsen B, Le Bihan T, Metalnikov P, Tyers M, Peter M, Pintard L. CIF-1, a shared subunit of the COP9/signalosome and eukaryotic initiation factor 3 complexes, regulates MEL-26 levels in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jun;27(12):4526-40. Epub 2007 Apr 2. PMID:17403899 doi:http://dx.doi.org/MCB.01724-06
43. ↑ Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Cate JH. eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression. Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):111-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14267. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PMID:25849773 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14267
44. ↑ Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Doudna JA, Cate JH. eIF3d is an mRNA cap-binding protein that is required for specialized translation initiation. Nature. 2016 Aug 4;536(7614):96-9. PMID:27462815 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18954
45. ↑ Perez A, Li QX, Perez-Romero P, Delassus G, Lopez SR, Sutter S, McLaren N, Fuller AO. A new class of receptor for herpes simplex virus has heptad repeat motifs that are common to membrane fusion proteins. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7419-30. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7419-7430.2005. PMID:15919898 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.12.7419-7430.2005
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