| Structural highlights
6v5c is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [1] and Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Gene: | DROSHA, RN3, RNASE3L, RNASEN (HUMAN), DGCR8, C22orf12, DGCRK6, LP4941 (HUMAN) |
| Activity: | Ribonuclease III, with EC number 3.1.26.3 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
[RNC_HUMAN] Ribonuclease III double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonuclease that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Component of the microprocessor complex that is required to process primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to release precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. Within the microprocessor complex, DROSHA cleaves the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop in pri-miRNAs (processing center 11 bp from the dsRNA-ssRNA junction) to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs that are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic DICER to generate mature miRNAs. Involved also in pre-rRNA processing. Cleaves double-strand RNA and does not cleave single-strand RNA. Involved in the formation of GW bodies.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [DGCR8_HUMAN] Component of the microprocessor complex that acts as a RNA- and heme-binding protein that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Component of the microprocessor complex that is required to process primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to release precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. Within the microprocessor complex, DGCR8 function as a molecular anchor necessary for the recognition of pri-miRNA at dsRNA-ssRNA junction and directs DROSHA to cleave 11 bp away form the junction to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs that are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic DICER to generate mature miRNAs. The heme-bound DGCR8 dimer binds pri-miRNAs as a cooperative trimer (of dimers) and is active in triggering pri-miRNA cleavage, whereas the heme-free DGCR8 monomer binds pri-miRNAs as a dimer and is much less active. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for its binding. Involved in the silencing of embryonic stem cells self-renewal.[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Metazoan microRNAs require specific maturation steps initiated by Microprocessor, comprising Drosha and DGCR8. Lack of structural information for the assembled complex has hindered an understanding of how Microprocessor recognizes primary microRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Here we present a cryoelectron microscopy structure of human Microprocessor with a pri-miRNA docked in the active site, poised for cleavage. The basal junction is recognized by a four-way intramolecular junction in Drosha, triggered by the Belt and Wedge regions that clamp over the ssRNA. The belt is important for efficiency and accuracy of pri-miRNA processing. Two dsRBDs form a molecular ruler to measure the stem length between the two dsRNA-ssRNA junctions. The specific organization of the dsRBDs near the apical junction is independent of Drosha core domains, as observed in a second structure in the partially docked state. Collectively, we derive a molecular model to explain how Microprocessor recognizes a pri-miRNA and accurately identifies the cleavage site.
Cryo-EM Structures of Human Drosha and DGCR8 in Complex with Primary MicroRNA.,Partin AC, Zhang K, Jeong BC, Herrell E, Li S, Chiu W, Nam Y Mol Cell. 2020 Mar 21. pii: S1097-2765(20)30109-X. doi:, 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.016. PMID:32220646[17]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Wu H, Xu H, Miraglia LJ, Crooke ST. Human RNase III is a 160-kDa protein involved in preribosomal RNA processing. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 24;275(47):36957-65. PMID:10948199 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M005494200
- ↑ Lee Y, Ahn C, Han J, Choi H, Kim J, Yim J, Lee J, Provost P, Radmark O, Kim S, Kim VN. The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing. Nature. 2003 Sep 25;425(6956):415-9. PMID:14508493 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01957
- ↑ Landthaler M, Yalcin A, Tuschl T. The human DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 and Its D. melanogaster homolog are required for miRNA biogenesis. Curr Biol. 2004 Dec 14;14(23):2162-7. PMID:15589161 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.001
- ↑ Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Kim YK, Jin H, Kim VN. The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing. Genes Dev. 2004 Dec 15;18(24):3016-27. Epub 2004 Dec 1. PMID:15574589 doi:10.1101/gad.1262504
- ↑ Gregory RI, Yan KP, Amuthan G, Chendrimada T, Doratotaj B, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R. The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs. Nature. 2004 Nov 11;432(7014):235-40. Epub 2004 Nov 7. PMID:15531877 doi:10.1038/nature03120
- ↑ Zeng Y, Yi R, Cullen BR. Recognition and cleavage of primary microRNA precursors by the nuclear processing enzyme Drosha. EMBO J. 2005 Jan 12;24(1):138-48. Epub 2004 Nov 25. PMID:15565168 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600491
- ↑ Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006 Jun 2;125(5):887-901. PMID:16751099 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043
- ↑ Pauley KM, Eystathioy T, Jakymiw A, Hamel JC, Fritzler MJ, Chan EK. Formation of GW bodies is a consequence of microRNA genesis. EMBO Rep. 2006 Sep;7(9):904-10. Epub 2006 Aug 11. PMID:16906129 doi:7400783
- ↑ Faller M, Matsunaga M, Yin S, Loo JA, Guo F. Heme is involved in microRNA processing. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Jan;14(1):23-9. Epub 2006 Dec 10. PMID:17159994 doi:10.1038/nsmb1182
- ↑ Landthaler M, Yalcin A, Tuschl T. The human DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 and Its D. melanogaster homolog are required for miRNA biogenesis. Curr Biol. 2004 Dec 14;14(23):2162-7. PMID:15589161 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.001
- ↑ Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Kim YK, Jin H, Kim VN. The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing. Genes Dev. 2004 Dec 15;18(24):3016-27. Epub 2004 Dec 1. PMID:15574589 doi:10.1101/gad.1262504
- ↑ Gregory RI, Yan KP, Amuthan G, Chendrimada T, Doratotaj B, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R. The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs. Nature. 2004 Nov 11;432(7014):235-40. Epub 2004 Nov 7. PMID:15531877 doi:10.1038/nature03120
- ↑ Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006 Jun 2;125(5):887-901. PMID:16751099 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043
- ↑ Pauley KM, Eystathioy T, Jakymiw A, Hamel JC, Fritzler MJ, Chan EK. Formation of GW bodies is a consequence of microRNA genesis. EMBO Rep. 2006 Sep;7(9):904-10. Epub 2006 Aug 11. PMID:16906129 doi:7400783
- ↑ Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN. Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(16):4622-9. Epub 2006 Sep 8. PMID:16963499 doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458
- ↑ Faller M, Matsunaga M, Yin S, Loo JA, Guo F. Heme is involved in microRNA processing. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Jan;14(1):23-9. Epub 2006 Dec 10. PMID:17159994 doi:10.1038/nsmb1182
- ↑ Partin AC, Zhang K, Jeong BC, Herrell E, Li S, Chiu W, Nam Y. Cryo-EM Structures of Human Drosha and DGCR8 in Complex with Primary MicroRNA. Mol Cell. 2020 Mar 21. pii: S1097-2765(20)30109-X. doi:, 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.016. PMID:32220646 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.016
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