OCT4 and SOX2 transcription factors
From Proteopedia
(Nucleosome with OCT4-SOX2 motif at SHL-6) |
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Although they are not obligate heterodimers, the transcriptional factors Sox2 and Oct4 occupy the same target genes in vivo (LA Boyer et al., 2005; X Chen et al., 2008). | Although they are not obligate heterodimers, the transcriptional factors Sox2 and Oct4 occupy the same target genes in vivo (LA Boyer et al., 2005; X Chen et al., 2008). | ||
| + | The OCT4 transcription factor (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), also known as OCT-3, OCT3 / 4, OTF3 or NF-A3, was discovered almost three decades ago, where its use relationship with pluripotent CTE in primate and rodent species (Zeineddine et al., 2014). This protein is encoded by the POU5F1 gene, which is located on chromosome 6 in humans and 17 in rats, and belongs to the POU family (Pit, October, Unc) of DNA-binding proteins, which regulate the expression of target genes (Zeineddine et al., 2014; Malakootian et al., 2017). In humans, through alternative splicing, POU5F1 generates less than eight distinct RNA transcripts, these being OCT4A, OCT4B-190, OCT4B-265, OCT4B-164, OCT4B1 and more recently reported as OCT4C, OCT4C1 and OCT4B4 variants [16; 17] | ||
| + | In addition to the generated isoforms, many studies have been carried out mainly with respect to the functions of the OCT4A isoform. Studies targeting the OCT4B isoforms (190, 265 and 164) that are not able to support an automatic restoration of the CTE, but | ||
| + | they can respond to cellular stress, whereas the functions of OCT4B1, OCT4C and OCT4C1 have not yet been clarified (Wang and Dai, 2010). OCT4A is normally expressed in the early stages of embryonic development and represents one of the main regulatory factors for pluripotency and self-review of embryonic stem cells, being considered a marker of pluripotency (Da SILVA et al., 2017). A further differentiation of CTE into cells used for different tissues depends on rapid and rapid expression of OCT4A, and these cells are differentiated | ||
| + | remain with the OCT4A factor silenced (Villodre et al., 2016; Atlasi et al, 2008; Hatefi et al., 2012). However, we have already documented an open expression of transcription factors such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG, together or controlled, lead to tumors, metastases and the greatest recurrence after use, in different types of cancer (Zeineddine et al., 2014). | ||
| - | ==OCT4-SOX2 preferential binding to nucleosomal entry-exit sites== | ||
| - | The nucleosome is the basic chromosome unit, composed of a 147 pb DNA segment wrapped around eight histone proteins. The nucleosome main axis is referred as "dyad" and the sites in which the DNA starts to wrap and unfold in the nucleosome are called "entry" and "exit" sites. The DNA location around the histones can be defined by the major grove direction. The points in which a major groove is pointed to the nucleosome core is called superhelix location (SHL). The SHL are counted from 0 to ±7, being 0 the dyad position. | ||
| - | + | <StructureSection load='6T93' | |
| - | <StructureSection load='6T93'size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''> | + | size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''> |
Revision as of 12:19, 10 June 2020
Introduction
Although they are not obligate heterodimers, the transcriptional factors Sox2 and Oct4 occupy the same target genes in vivo (LA Boyer et al., 2005; X Chen et al., 2008). The OCT4 transcription factor (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), also known as OCT-3, OCT3 / 4, OTF3 or NF-A3, was discovered almost three decades ago, where its use relationship with pluripotent CTE in primate and rodent species (Zeineddine et al., 2014). This protein is encoded by the POU5F1 gene, which is located on chromosome 6 in humans and 17 in rats, and belongs to the POU family (Pit, October, Unc) of DNA-binding proteins, which regulate the expression of target genes (Zeineddine et al., 2014; Malakootian et al., 2017). In humans, through alternative splicing, POU5F1 generates less than eight distinct RNA transcripts, these being OCT4A, OCT4B-190, OCT4B-265, OCT4B-164, OCT4B1 and more recently reported as OCT4C, OCT4C1 and OCT4B4 variants [16; 17] In addition to the generated isoforms, many studies have been carried out mainly with respect to the functions of the OCT4A isoform. Studies targeting the OCT4B isoforms (190, 265 and 164) that are not able to support an automatic restoration of the CTE, but they can respond to cellular stress, whereas the functions of OCT4B1, OCT4C and OCT4C1 have not yet been clarified (Wang and Dai, 2010). OCT4A is normally expressed in the early stages of embryonic development and represents one of the main regulatory factors for pluripotency and self-review of embryonic stem cells, being considered a marker of pluripotency (Da SILVA et al., 2017). A further differentiation of CTE into cells used for different tissues depends on rapid and rapid expression of OCT4A, and these cells are differentiated remain with the OCT4A factor silenced (Villodre et al., 2016; Atlasi et al, 2008; Hatefi et al., 2012). However, we have already documented an open expression of transcription factors such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG, together or controlled, lead to tumors, metastases and the greatest recurrence after use, in different types of cancer (Zeineddine et al., 2014).
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