User:Andre Wu Le Chun/Sandbox 1

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You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia ^[1] or to the article describing Jmol ^[2] to the rescue.

Structural highlights

6svb is a homotrimer transmembrane glycoprotein(S) protruding from the viral surface¹. There are two subunits which are fundamental for the virus entry in the cell: the S1 subunit, responsible for binding to the host cell receptor, and the S2 subunit, responsible for fusion of the viral and cellular membranes.

Function

The spike glycoprotein recognizes the hosts cell's angiotensin-converting enzime 2 (ACE2) and binds itself on it, allowing the fusion of viral and cellular membrane, therefore enabling the viral infection.

Disease

6vsb is probably the protein that enabled the Sars-Cov-2 to enter human cells, rusulting therefore on the large scale epidemics in 2020. The main symptoms of the COVID-19 were similar to the ones of common cold: fever, cough and tiredness, but with some stronger than the common cold: Chest pain, lost of smell and taste sense. The main reason for the worst symptoms are the death of several types of cells in the lungs, causing severe loss of oxygenation, therefore resulting of gradual colapse of the respiratory system of the infected.

Relevance

Due to its role in the infection process, the spike glyprotein may be a potential target of studies that seek methods of preventing the COVID-19 disease. These include the development of vaccines based on the protein's structure of the protein and on it's recognition/biding mechanisms. For instance, avoiding the cleavage of the furin, located on the B domains of the protein, by the host's proteases could be a way of viral inhibition. Comprehending how the protein can be bound to antibodies could also help the scientific community to prepare for future SARS coronavirus outbreaks that may happen in the future

Interaction with angiotensin-converting enzime 2

The interaction between the 2019-nCov and the host cell begins with the recognition of the ACE2, which is a dimeric protein. Then, the S1 subunit moves, modifying the protein's conformation in way that determinants for the virus-cell binding. Due to the conformational movements, the protein structure assumes a conformation which is suitable for binding with the ACE2 receptor. At that instance, the spike protein is found in a "up" conformation, hence the protein's name.

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