Hypoxia-Inducible Factors

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HIF complexes are made of a constitutively expressed subunit HIF-β and an oxygen-regulated subunit, which can be HIF-1α or its paralogs HIF-2α and HIF-3α. the stability and activity of the α subunit is regulated by post-translational modifications such as hydroxilation, ubiquitination, acetylation and phosphorylation. HIF-1β is also known as the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT).
HIF complexes are made of a constitutively expressed subunit HIF-β and an oxygen-regulated subunit, which can be HIF-1α or its paralogs HIF-2α and HIF-3α. the stability and activity of the α subunit is regulated by post-translational modifications such as hydroxilation, ubiquitination, acetylation and phosphorylation. HIF-1β is also known as the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT).
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{|
+
{| class:"wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
 +
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Member'''
 +
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Gene'''
 +
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Protein'''
|-
|-
 +
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIF1A HIF-1α] || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3091&rn=1 ''HIF1A''] || hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit
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|-
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPAS1 HIF-2α] || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2034&rn=1 ''EPAS1''] || endothelial PAS domain protein 1
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|-
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIF3A HIF-3α] || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=64344&rn=1 ''HIF3A''] || hypoxia-inducible factor 3, α subunit
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|-
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator HIF-1β] || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=405&rn=1 ''ARNT''] || aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
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|-
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARNT2 HIF-2β] || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=9915&rn=1 ''ARNT2''] || aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2
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|-
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARNTL HIF-3β] || ''ARNT3'' || aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 3
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|-
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|}
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 +
{| class:"wikitable"
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Member'''
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Member'''
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Gene'''
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Gene'''
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Protein'''
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |'''Protein'''
|-
|-
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical) HIF-1α]
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|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIF1A HIF-1α]
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|ROW1/COL2
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|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3091&rn=1 ''HIF1A'']
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|hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit
 +
|-
 +
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPAS1 HIF-2α]
 +
|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2034&rn=1 ''EPAS1'']
 +
|endothelial PAS domain protein 1
 +
|-
 +
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIF3A HIF-3α]
 +
|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=64344&rn=1 ''HIF3A'']
 +
|hypoxia-inducible factor 3, α subunit
 +
|-
 +
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator HIF-1β]
 +
|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=405&rn=1 ''ARNT'']
 +
|aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
|-
|-
-
|ROW2
+
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARNT2 HIF-2β]
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|ROW2/COL2
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|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=9915&rn=1 ''ARNT2'']
 +
|aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2
|-
|-
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|ROW3
+
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARNTL HIF-3β]
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|ROW3/COL3
+
|''ARNT3''
 +
|aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 3
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:51, 13 November 2020

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Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors responsible for the induction of genes involved in the adaptation to decreases in oxygen availability, known as hypoxia.

Contents

Structure

HIFs are heterodimeric complexes that form part of the basic helix-loop-helix-Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) family of proteins. All subunits are similar in structure and can contain the following domains from the N-terminus to the C-terminus:

  • basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH): important for heterodimer formation and DNA binding to Hypoxia Response Elements (HRE)
  • Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS): mediates protein-protein interactions, helping with heterodimerization
  • Oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD): mediates oxygen-regulated stability. It contains two Proline (P) residues susceptible of hydroxylation and one Lysine (L) that can be acetylated
  • N-terminal and C-terminal transactivating domains (N-TAD and C-TAD): bind different coactivators to promote gene expression


HIF complexes are made of a constitutively expressed subunit HIF-β and an oxygen-regulated subunit, which can be HIF-1α or its paralogs HIF-2α and HIF-3α. the stability and activity of the α subunit is regulated by post-translational modifications such as hydroxilation, ubiquitination, acetylation and phosphorylation. HIF-1β is also known as the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT).

Member Gene Protein
HIF-1α HIF1A hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit
HIF-2α EPAS1 endothelial PAS domain protein 1
HIF-3α HIF3A hypoxia-inducible factor 3, α subunit
HIF-1β ARNT aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
HIF-2β ARNT2 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2
HIF-3β ARNT3 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 3
Member Gene Protein
HIF-1α HIF1A hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit
HIF-2α EPAS1 endothelial PAS domain protein 1
HIF-3α HIF3A hypoxia-inducible factor 3, α subunit
HIF-1β ARNT aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
HIF-2β ARNT2 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2
HIF-3β ARNT3 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 3

Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')

This is a default text for your page Gonzalo Garcia-Martin/Sandbox1. Click above on edit this page to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs. You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia [1] or to the article describing Jmol [2] to the rescue.

Function

Disease

Relevance

Structural highlights

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</StructureSection>

References

  1. ↑ Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024
  2. ↑ Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644
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