1wi3

Structural highlights

Disease

[SATB2_HUMAN] Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving SATB2 are found in isolated cleft palate. Translocation t(2;7); translocation t(2;11). Defects in SATB2 are a cause of cleft palate isolated (CPI) [MIM:119540]. A congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. Isolated cleft palate is not associated with cleft lips. Some patients may manifest other craniofacial dysmorphic features, mental retardation, and osteoporosis.^{[1] [2]} Note=A chromosomal aberration involving SATB2 is found in a patient with classical features of Toriello-Carey syndrome. Translocation t(2;14)(q33;q22).

Function

[SATB2_HUMAN] Binds to DNA, at nuclear matrix- or scaffold-associated regions. Thought to recognize the sugar-phosphate structure of double-stranded DNA. Transcription factor controlling nuclear gene expression, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin-loop remodeling. Acts as a docking site for several chromatin remodeling enzymes and also by recruiting corepressors (HDACs) or coactivators (HATs) directly to promoters and enhancers. Required for the initiation of the upper-layer neurons (UL1) specific genetic program and for the inactivation of deep-layer neurons (DL) and UL2 specific genes, probably by modulating BCL11B expression. Repressor of Ctip2 and regulatory determinant of corticocortical connections in the developing cerebral cortex. May play an important role in palate formation. Acts as a molecular node in a transcriptional network regulating skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation.^[3]

References

1. ↑ FitzPatrick DR, Carr IM, McLaren L, Leek JP, Wightman P, Williamson K, Gautier P, McGill N, Hayward C, Firth H, Markham AF, Fantes JA, Bonthron DT. Identification of SATB2 as the cleft palate gene on 2q32-q33. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Oct 1;12(19):2491-501. Epub 2003 Jul 29. PMID:12915443 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddg248
2. ↑ Leoyklang P, Suphapeetiporn K, Siriwan P, Desudchit T, Chaowanapanja P, Gahl WA, Shotelersuk V. Heterozygous nonsense mutation SATB2 associated with cleft palate, osteoporosis, and cognitive defects. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jul;28(7):732-8. PMID:17377962 doi:10.1002/humu.20515
3. ↑ Dobreva G, Dambacher J, Grosschedl R. SUMO modification of a novel MAR-binding protein, SATB2, modulates immunoglobulin mu gene expression. Genes Dev. 2003 Dec 15;17(24):3048-61. PMID:14701874 doi:10.1101/gad.1153003