1zv8

Structural highlights

Function

[SPIKE_CVHSA] S1 attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with human ACE2 and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, initiating the infection. Binding to the receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell probably induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein. Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes. S2 is a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

• Sandbox 3001
• Spike protein

References

1. ↑ Deng Y, Liu J, Zheng Q, Yong W, Lu M. Structures and polymorphic interactions of two heptad-repeat regions of the SARS virus S2 protein. Structure. 2006 May;14(5):889-99. PMID:16698550 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2006.03.007