CTLA-4
From Proteopedia
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<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='CTLA4 Caption for this structure' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='CTLA4 Caption for this structure' scene=''> | ||
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
| - | '''CTLA4''' or '''Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated protein 4''' is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4 | + | '''CTLA4''' or '''Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated protein 4''' or '''CD152''' is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells<ref>PMID:32185705</ref>. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4. |
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
| - | Variants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases. | + | Variants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes<ref>PMID:10671941</ref>, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases. |
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
Revision as of 10:45, 8 February 2021
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