Isopeptide bond

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<Structure load='' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Lys-Asp isopeptide bond (halos) in [[3htl]]. ' scene='56/560856/Isopeptide_bond/1' />
<Structure load='' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Lys-Asp isopeptide bond (halos) in [[3htl]]. ' scene='56/560856/Isopeptide_bond/1' />
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An ''isopeptide bond'' is a peptide bond between the sidechains of amino acids, rather than the much more common peptide bond between the amino and carboxy groups of amino acid main chain atoms, forming a polypeptide backbone or main chain.
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An ''isopeptide bond'' is a peptide bond between the sidechains of amino acids, making a covalent link between polypeptide chains. This is in contrast to the much more common peptide bonds between amino acid main chain atoms that form the polypeptide backbone.
For more, please see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopeptide_bond Isopeptide bond in Wikipedia].
For more, please see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopeptide_bond Isopeptide bond in Wikipedia].

Revision as of 22:48, 26 April 2021

Lys-Asp isopeptide bond (halos) in 3htl.

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An isopeptide bond is a peptide bond between the sidechains of amino acids, making a covalent link between polypeptide chains. This is in contrast to the much more common peptide bonds between amino acid main chain atoms that form the polypeptide backbone.

For more, please see Isopeptide bond in Wikipedia.

Contents

Frequency

A search for isopeptide bond in the keywords records at the PDB returns about 200 hits (April, 2021). This suggests that approximately one model per thousand in the PDB contains isopeptide bonds.

PDB KEYWDS and LINK Records

Structures containing isopeptide bonds usually have "ISOPEPTIDE BOND" in their PDB file KEYWDS record, and should always have LINK records indicating the isopeptide-bonded residues. Here are the relevant LINK records from 3htl:
LINK         NZ  LYS X 199                 CG  ASN X 321     1555   1555  1.43  
LINK         NZ  LYS X 363                 CG  ASN X 482     1555   1555  1.55

Note that link records involving MSE generally signify nothing more than MSE being part of a polypeptide chain, but are required because the HETATM MSE residue is covalently linked to the adjacent standard amino acids.

Examples

The capsid of the HK97 bacteriophage contains isopeptide bonds that cross-link the protein chains into a protein chain mail [1][2][3].

  • 7cap is a ubiquitin homotrimer. The C-terminal Gly76 is isopeptide linked to Lys48 in each inter-chain interface[4].
  • 4mli contains the SpyTag peptide (which can be linked to a protein of interest) forming an isopeptide bond between SpyTag peptide Lys31 and SpyCatcher protein Asp117[5].
  • 3htl is a pilus monomer with isopepide bonds Lys199-Asn321 and Lys363-Asn482[6].

References

  1. ↑ Hendrix RW, Johnson JE. Bacteriophage HK97 capsid assembly and maturation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;726:351-63. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_15. PMID:22297521 doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_15
  2. ↑ Gilakjan ZA, Kropinski AM. Cloning and analysis of the capsid morphogenesis genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage D3: another example of protein chain mail? J Bacteriol. 1999 Dec;181(23):7221-7. PMID:10572124
  3. ↑ Dierkes LE, Peebles CL, Firek BA, Hendrix RW, Duda RL. Mutational analysis of a conserved glutamic acid required for self-catalyzed cross-linking of bacteriophage HK97 capsids. J Virol. 2009 Mar;83(5):2088-98. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02000-08. Epub 2008 Dec 17. PMID:19091865 doi:10.1128/JVI.02000-08
  4. ↑ Hiranyakorn M, Yanaka S, Satoh T, Wilasri T, Jityuti B, Yagi-Utsumi M, Kato K. NMR Characterization of Conformational Interconversions of Lys48-Linked Ubiquitin Chains. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 28;21(15). pii: ijms21155351. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155351. PMID:32731397 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155351
  5. ↑ Li L, Fierer JO, Rapoport TA, Howarth M. Structural Analysis and Optimization of the Covalent Association between SpyCatcher and a Peptide Tag. J Mol Biol. 2013 Oct 23. pii: S0022-2836(13)00666-9. doi:, 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.021. PMID:24161952 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.021
  6. ↑ Kang HJ, Paterson NG, Gaspar AH, Ton-That H, Baker EN. The Corynebacterium diphtheriae shaft pilin SpaA is built of tandem Ig-like modules with stabilizing isopeptide and disulfide bonds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 6;106(40):16967-71. Epub 2009 Sep 21. PMID:19805181

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