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| | <StructureSection load='2zz0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2zz0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2zz0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2zz0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zz0]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZZ0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZZ0 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zz0]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZZ0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZZ0 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2cfy|2cfy]]</td></tr> | + | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2cfy|2cfy]]</div></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">TXNRD1, KDRF ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | + | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">TXNRD1, KDRF ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioredoxin-disulfide_reductase Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.8.1.9 1.8.1.9] </span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioredoxin-disulfide_reductase Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.8.1.9 1.8.1.9] </span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zz0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zz0 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2zz0 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zz0 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zz0 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2zz0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zz0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zz0 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2zz0 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zz0 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zz0 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2zz0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRXR1_HUMAN TRXR1_HUMAN]] Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.<ref>PMID:9774665</ref> <ref>PMID:8577704</ref> <ref>PMID:15199063</ref> <ref>PMID:18042542</ref> | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRXR1_HUMAN TRXR1_HUMAN]] Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.<ref>PMID:9774665</ref> <ref>PMID:8577704</ref> <ref>PMID:15199063</ref> <ref>PMID:18042542</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Thioredoxin Reductase|Thioredoxin Reductase]] | + | *[[Thioredoxin reductase 3D structures|Thioredoxin reductase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| Structural highlights
Function
[TRXR1_HUMAN] Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Terpyridine-platinum(II) (TP-Pt(II)) complexes are known to possess DNA-intercalating activity and have been regarded as potential antitumor agents. However, their cytotoxic mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the possible mechanism, a series of TP-Pt(II) compounds were prepared and their biological activities assessed. The DNA binding activities of the aromatic thiolato[TP-Pt(II)] complexes were stronger than the aliphatic 2-hydroxylethanethiolato(2,2':6',2-terpyridine)platinum(II) [TP(HET)]. TP-Pt(II) complexes inhibited topoisomerase IIalpha or topoisomerase I activity at IC(50) values of about 5 microM and 10-20 microM, respectively, whereas the human thioredoxin reductase 1 (hTrxR1) activity was inhibited with IC(50) values in the range of 58-78 nM. At the cellular level, they possessed cytotoxicity with IC(50) values between 7 and 19 microM against HeLa cells. Additionally, using X-ray crystallography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, we elucidated that the TP-Pt(II) complexes inhibited hTrxR1 activity by blocking its C-terminal active-site selenocysteine. Therefore, TP-Pt(II) complexes possess inhibitory activities against multiple biological targets, and they may be further studied as anticancer agents.
Terpyridine-platinum(II) complexes are effective inhibitors of mammalian topoisomerases and human thioredoxin reductase 1.,Lo YC, Ko TP, Su WC, Su TL, Wang AH J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Jul;103(7):1082-92. Epub 2009 May 21. PMID:19525010[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Hofmann ER, Boyanapalli M, Lindner DJ, Weihua X, Hassel BA, Jagus R, Gutierrez PL, Kalvakolanu DV. Thioredoxin reductase mediates cell death effects of the combination of beta interferon and retinoic acid. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Nov;18(11):6493-504. PMID:9774665
- ↑ Tamura T, Stadtman TC. A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells: purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 6;93(3):1006-11. PMID:8577704
- ↑ Damdimopoulos AE, Miranda-Vizuete A, Treuter E, Gustafsson JA, Spyrou G. An alternative splicing variant of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is a modulator of estrogen signaling. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38721-9. Epub 2004 Jun 14. PMID:15199063 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M402753200
- ↑ Dammeyer P, Damdimopoulos AE, Nordman T, Jimenez A, Miranda-Vizuete A, Arner ES. Induction of cell membrane protrusions by the N-terminal glutaredoxin domain of a rare splice variant of human thioredoxin reductase 1. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 1;283(5):2814-21. Epub 2007 Nov 27. PMID:18042542 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M708939200
- ↑ Lo YC, Ko TP, Su WC, Su TL, Wang AH. Terpyridine-platinum(II) complexes are effective inhibitors of mammalian topoisomerases and human thioredoxin reductase 1. J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Jul;103(7):1082-92. Epub 2009 May 21. PMID:19525010 doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.05.006
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