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| | ==Crystal structure of 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) in complex with NADPH== | | ==Crystal structure of 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) in complex with NADPH== |
| - | <StructureSection load='3caq' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3caq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='3caq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3caq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3caq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3CAQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3CAQ FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3caq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3CAQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3CAQ FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BME:BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL'>BME</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MPD:(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL'>MPD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDP:NADPH+DIHYDRO-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NDP</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BME:BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL'>BME</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MPD:(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL'>MPD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDP:NADPH+DIHYDRO-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NDP</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3cas|3cas]], [[3cav|3cav]]</td></tr> | + | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3cas|3cas]], [[3cav|3cav]]</div></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">AKR1D1, SRD5B1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr> | + | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">AKR1D1, SRD5B1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid_5-beta-reductase Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.3.1.3 1.3.1.3] </span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid_5-beta-reductase Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.3.1.3 1.3.1.3] </span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3caq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3caq OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3caq PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3caq RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3caq PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3caq ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3caq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3caq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3caq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3caq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3caq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3caq ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AK1D1_HUMAN AK1D1_HUMAN]] Defects in AKR1D1 are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 2 (CBAS2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/235555 235555]]; also known as cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase deficiency. Patients with this liver disease show absence or low levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid in plasma and urine.<ref>PMID:12970144</ref> <ref>PMID:15030995</ref> | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AK1D1_HUMAN AK1D1_HUMAN]] Defects in AKR1D1 are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 2 (CBAS2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/235555 235555]]; also known as cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase deficiency. Patients with this liver disease show absence or low levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid in plasma and urine.<ref>PMID:12970144</ref> <ref>PMID:15030995</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AK1D1_HUMAN AK1D1_HUMAN]] Efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. The bile acid intermediates 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates. | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AK1D1_HUMAN AK1D1_HUMAN]] Efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. The bile acid intermediates 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 3caq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 3caq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Aldo-keto reductase 3D structures|Aldo-keto reductase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| | [[Category: Breton, R]] | | [[Category: Breton, R]] |
| | [[Category: Cantin, L]] | | [[Category: Cantin, L]] |
| Structural highlights
3caq is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , , , |
| Related: | |
| Gene: | AKR1D1, SRD5B1 (Homo sapiens) |
| Activity: | Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase, with EC number 1.3.1.3 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[AK1D1_HUMAN] Defects in AKR1D1 are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 2 (CBAS2) [MIM:235555]; also known as cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase deficiency. Patients with this liver disease show absence or low levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid in plasma and urine.[1] [2]
Function
[AK1D1_HUMAN] Efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. The bile acid intermediates 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The 5beta-reductases (AKR1D1-3) are unique enzymes able to catalyze efficiently and in a stereospecific manner the 5beta-reduction of the C4-C5 double bond found in Delta4-3-ketosteroids, including steroid hormones and bile acids precursors such as 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. In order to elucidate the binding mode and substrate specificity in detail, biochemical and structural studies on human 5beta-reductase (h5beta-red; AKR1D1) have been recently undertaken. The crystal structure of a h5beta-red binary complex provides a complete picture of the NADPH-enzyme interactions involving the flexible loop B, which contributes to the maintenance of the cofactor in its binding site by acting as a "safety belt". Structural comparison with binary complexes of AKR1C enzymes, specifically the human type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C2) and the mouse 17alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C21), also revealed particularities in loop B positioning that make the steroid-binding cavity of h5beta-red substantially larger than those of the two other enzymes. Kinetic characterization of the purified recombinant h5beta-red has shown that this enzyme exerts a strong activity toward progesterone (Prog) and androstenedione (Delta4) but is rapidly inhibited by these substrates once their concentrations reach 2-times their K(m) value. A crystal structure of the h5beta-red in ternary complex with NADPH and Delta4 has revealed that the large steroid-binding site of this enzyme also contains a subsite in which the Delta4 molecule is found. When bound in this subsite, Delta4 completely impedes the passage of another substrate molecule toward the catalytic site. The importance of this alternative binding site for the inhibition of h5beta-red was finally proven by site-directed mutagenesis, which demonstrated that the replacement of one of the residues delineating this site (Val(309)) by a phenylalanine completely abolishes the substrate inhibition. The results of this report provide structural insights into the substrate inhibition of h5beta-red by C19- and C21-steroids.
Crystal structures of human Delta4-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) reveal the presence of an alternative binding site responsible for substrate inhibition.,Faucher F, Cantin L, Luu-The V, Labrie F, Breton R Biochemistry. 2008 Dec 23;47(51):13537-46. PMID:19075558[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Lemonde HA, Custard EJ, Bouquet J, Duran M, Overmars H, Scambler PJ, Clayton PT. Mutations in SRD5B1 (AKR1D1), the gene encoding delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase, in hepatitis and liver failure in infancy. Gut. 2003 Oct;52(10):1494-9. PMID:12970144
- ↑ Gonzales E, Cresteil D, Baussan C, Dabadie A, Gerhardt MF, Jacquemin E. SRD5B1 (AKR1D1) gene analysis in delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase deficiency: evidence for primary genetic defect. J Hepatol. 2004 Apr;40(4):716-8. PMID:15030995 doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2003.12.024
- ↑ Faucher F, Cantin L, Luu-The V, Labrie F, Breton R. Crystal structures of human Delta4-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) reveal the presence of an alternative binding site responsible for substrate inhibition. Biochemistry. 2008 Dec 23;47(51):13537-46. PMID:19075558 doi:10.1021/bi801276h
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