|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | | | |
| | ==Hinge-loop mutation can be used to control 3D domain swapping and amyloidogenesis of human cystatin C== | | ==Hinge-loop mutation can be used to control 3D domain swapping and amyloidogenesis of human cystatin C== |
| - | <StructureSection load='3nx0' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3nx0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.04Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='3nx0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3nx0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.04Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3nx0]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3NX0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3NX0 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3nx0]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3NX0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3NX0 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CST3 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | + | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CST3 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3nx0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3nx0 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3nx0 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3nx0 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3nx0 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3nx0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3nx0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3nx0 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3nx0 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3nx0 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3nx0 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3nx0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN]] Defects in CST3 are the cause of amyloidosis type 6 (AMYL6) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/105150 105150]]; also known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or cerebroarterial amyloidosis Icelandic type. AMYL6 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to cystatin C amyloid deposition. Cystatin C amyloid accumulates in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and sometimes capillaries and veins of the brain, and in various organs including lymphoid tissue, spleen, salivary glands, and seminal vesicles. Amyloid deposition in the cerebral vessels results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and premature stroke. Cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are abnormally low.<ref>PMID:2541223</ref> <ref>PMID:1352269</ref> Genetic variations in CST3 are associated with age-related macular degeneration type 11 (ARMD11) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/611953 611953]]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.<ref>PMID:11815350</ref> | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN]] Defects in CST3 are the cause of amyloidosis type 6 (AMYL6) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/105150 105150]]; also known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or cerebroarterial amyloidosis Icelandic type. AMYL6 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to cystatin C amyloid deposition. Cystatin C amyloid accumulates in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and sometimes capillaries and veins of the brain, and in various organs including lymphoid tissue, spleen, salivary glands, and seminal vesicles. Amyloid deposition in the cerebral vessels results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and premature stroke. Cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are abnormally low.<ref>PMID:2541223</ref> <ref>PMID:1352269</ref> Genetic variations in CST3 are associated with age-related macular degeneration type 11 (ARMD11) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/611953 611953]]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.<ref>PMID:11815350</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN]] As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity. | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN]] As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity. |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| Line 26: |
Line 26: |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Human]] | | [[Category: Human]] |
| | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| | [[Category: Jankowska, E]] | | [[Category: Jankowska, E]] |
| | [[Category: Jaskolski, M]] | | [[Category: Jaskolski, M]] |
| Structural highlights
Disease
[CYTC_HUMAN] Defects in CST3 are the cause of amyloidosis type 6 (AMYL6) [MIM:105150]; also known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or cerebroarterial amyloidosis Icelandic type. AMYL6 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to cystatin C amyloid deposition. Cystatin C amyloid accumulates in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and sometimes capillaries and veins of the brain, and in various organs including lymphoid tissue, spleen, salivary glands, and seminal vesicles. Amyloid deposition in the cerebral vessels results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and premature stroke. Cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are abnormally low.[1] [2] Genetic variations in CST3 are associated with age-related macular degeneration type 11 (ARMD11) [MIM:611953]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.[3]
Function
[CYTC_HUMAN] As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Cystatins are natural inhibitors of cysteine proteases, enzymes that are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Human cystatin C (hCC) has been also recognized as an aggregating protein directly involved in the formation of pathological amyloid fibrils, and these amyloidogenic properties greatly increase in a naturally occurring L68Q hCC variant. For a long time only dimeric structure of wild-type hCC has been known. The dimer is created through 3D domain swapping process, in which two parts of the cystatin structure become separated from each other and next exchanged between two molecules. Important role in the domain swapping plays the L1 loop, which connects the exchanging segments and, upon dimerization, transforms from a beta-turn into a part of a long beta-strand. In the very recently published first monomeric structure of human cystatin C (hCC-stab1), dimerization was abrogated due to clasping of the beta-strands from the swapping domains by an engineered disulfide bridge. We have designed and constructed another mutated cystatin C with the smallest possible structural intervention, that is a single-point mutation replacing hydrophobic V57 from the L1 loop by polar asparagine, known as a stabilizer of a beta-turn motif. V57N hCC mutant occurred to be stable in its monomeric form and crystallized as a monomer, revealing typical cystatin fold with a five-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet wrapped around an alpha-helix. Here we report a 2.04A resolution crystal structure of V57N hCC and discuss the architecture of the protein in comparison to chicken cystatin, hCC-stab1 and dimeric hCC.
Hinge-loop mutation can be used to control 3D domain swapping and amyloidogenesis of human cystatin C.,Orlikowska M, Jankowska E, Kolodziejczyk R, Jaskolski M, Szymanska A J Struct Biol. 2010 Nov 11. PMID:21074623[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Levy E, Lopez-Otin C, Ghiso J, Geltner D, Frangione B. Stroke in Icelandic patients with hereditary amyloid angiopathy is related to a mutation in the cystatin C gene, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases. J Exp Med. 1989 May 1;169(5):1771-8. PMID:2541223
- ↑ Abrahamson M, Jonsdottir S, Olafsson I, Jensson O, Grubb A. Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy: identification of the disease-causing mutation and specific diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction based analysis. Hum Genet. 1992 Jun;89(4):377-80. PMID:1352269
- ↑ Zurdel J, Finckh U, Menzer G, Nitsch RM, Richard G. CST3 genotype associated with exudative age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;86(2):214-9. PMID:11815350
- ↑ Orlikowska M, Jankowska E, Kolodziejczyk R, Jaskolski M, Szymanska A. Hinge-loop mutation can be used to control 3D domain swapping and amyloidogenesis of human cystatin C. J Struct Biol. 2010 Nov 11. PMID:21074623 doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.009
|
