3wwt
From Proteopedia
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<StructureSection load='3wwt' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3wwt]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00Å' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='3wwt' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3wwt]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00Å' scene=''> | ||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3wwt]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [ | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3wwt]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendz Sendz]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3WWT OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3WWT FirstGlance]. <br> |
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr> | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr> | ||
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">STAT1 ([ | + | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">STAT1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), P/V/C ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11198 SENDZ])</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[ | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3wwt FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3wwt OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3wwt PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3wwt RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3wwt PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3wwt ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
</table> | </table> | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
| - | [[ | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STAT1_HUMAN STAT1_HUMAN]] Defects in STAT1 are the cause of STAT1 deficiency complete (STAT1D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613796 613796]]. STAT1D is a disorder characterized by susceptibility to severe mycobacterial and viral infections. Affected individuals can develop disseminated infections and die of viral illness.<ref>PMID:12590259</ref> <ref>PMID:20841510</ref> Defects in STAT1 are a cause of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/209950 209950]]; also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. This rare condition confers predisposition to illness caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and by the more virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other microorganisms rarely cause severe clinical disease in individuals with susceptibility to mycobacterial infections, with the exception of Salmonella which infects less than 50% of these individuals. The pathogenic mechanism underlying MSMD is the impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity whose severity determines the clinical outcome. Some patients die of overwhelming mycobacterial disease with lepromatous-like lesions in early childhood, whereas others develop, later in life, disseminated but curable infections with tuberculoid granulomas. MSMD is a genetically heterogeneous disease with autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance.<ref>PMID:11452125</ref> <ref>PMID:16934001</ref> <ref>PMID:22573496</ref> Defects in STAT1 are the cause of familial candidiasis type 7 (CANDF7) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614162 614162]]. A primary immunodeficiency disorder with altered immune responses and impaired clearance of fungal infections, selective against Candida. It is characterized by persistent and/or recurrent infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes caused by organisms of the genus Candida, mainly Candida albicans. Note=STAT1 mutations in patients with autosomal dominant candidiasis lead to defective responses of type 1 and type 17 helper T-cells, characterized by reduced production of interferon-alpha, interleukin-17, and interleukin-22. These cytokines are crucial for the antifungal defense of skin and mucosa (PubMed:21714643).<ref>PMID:21727188</ref> <ref>PMID:21714643</ref> |
== Function == | == Function == | ||
| - | [[ | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STAT1_HUMAN STAT1_HUMAN]] Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated. It then forms a homodimer termed IFN-gamma-activated factor (GAF), migrates into the nucleus and binds to the IFN gamma activated sequence (GAS) to drive the expression of the target genes, inducing a cellular antiviral state. Becomes activated in response to KITLG/SCF and KIT signaling. May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4.<ref>PMID:9724754</ref> <ref>PMID:12855578</ref> <ref>PMID:12764129</ref> <ref>PMID:15322115</ref> <ref>PMID:19088846</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C_SENDZ C_SENDZ]] The different products prevent the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma signaling pathways. They inhibit IFN-alpha/beta induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. Blocking the IFN-alpha/beta pathway requires binding to STAT1 in the cytoplasm. They inhibit IFN-gamma induced serine phosphorylation of STAT1. Block the IFN-gamma pathway in a STAT1-binding independent mechanism, preventing the GAF (tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 dimer) to bind its promoter in the nucleus. May also have a role in preventing the cell to enter apoptosis. Modulate regulation of viral transcription and replication. Overexpression inhibits the viral RNA polymerase. The absence of all C', C, Y1 and Y2 proteins leads to viral delayed growth. Plays an important role in virion particles release. Modulates virion shape.<ref>PMID:10823869</ref> <ref>PMID:11264369</ref> <ref>PMID:11821064</ref> <ref>PMID:12737992</ref> <ref>PMID:15178339</ref> <ref>PMID:15231380</ref> |
| + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | ||
| + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | ||
| + | UNLABELLED: Sendai virus (SeV) C protein inhibits the signal transduction pathways of interferon alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma by binding to the N-terminal domain of STAT1 (STAT1ND), thereby allowing SeV to escape from host innate immunity. Here we determined the crystal structure of STAT1ND associated with the C-terminal half of the C protein (Y3 [amino acids 99 to 204]) at a resolution of 2.0 A. This showed that two molecules of Y3 symmetrically bind to each niche created between two molecules of the STAT1ND dimer. Molecular modeling suggested that an antiparallel form of the full-length STAT1 dimer can bind only one Y3 molecule and that a parallel form can bind two Y3 molecules. Affinity analysis demonstrated anticooperative binding of two Y3 molecules with the STAT1 dimer, which is consistent with the hypothetical model that the second Y3 molecule can only target the STAT1 dimer in a parallel form. STAT1 with excess amounts of Y3 was prone to inhibit the dephosphorylation at Tyr(701) by a phosphatase. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (pY-STAT1) with Y3 associated with the gamma-activated sequence, probably as high-molecular-weight complexes (HMWCs), which may account for partial inhibition of a reporter assay from IFN-gamma by Y3. Our study suggests that the full-length C protein interferes with the domain arrangement of the STAT1 dimer, leading to the accumulation of pY-STAT1 and the formation of HMWCs. In addition, we discuss the mechanism by which phosphorylation of STAT2 is inhibited in the presence of the C protein after stimulation by IFN-alpha/beta. IMPORTANCE: Sendai virus, a paramyxovirus that causes respiratory diseases in rodents, possesses the C protein, which inhibits the signal transduction pathways of interferon alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma by binding to the transcription factor STAT1. In virus-infected cells, phosphorylation of STAT1 at the Tyr(701) residue is potently enhanced, although transcription by STAT1 is inert. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of STAT1 associated with the C-terminal half of the C protein. Molecular modeling and experiments suggested that the two C proteins bind to and stabilize the parallel form of the STAT1 dimer, which are likely to be phosphorylated at Tyr(701), further inducing high-molecular-weight complex formation and inhibition of transcription by IFN-gamma. We also discuss the possible mechanism of inhibition of the IFN-alpha/beta pathways by the C protein. This is the first structural report of the C protein, suggesting a mechanism of evasion of the paramyxovirus from innate immunity. | ||
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| + | Structural Basis of the Inhibition of STAT1 Activity by Sendai Virus C Protein.,Oda K, Matoba Y, Irie T, Kawabata R, Fukushi M, Sugiyama M, Sakaguchi T J Virol. 2015 Nov;89(22):11487-99. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01887-15. Epub 2015 Sep 2. PMID:26339056<ref>PMID:26339056</ref> | ||
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| + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div class="pdbe-citations 3wwt" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 10:19, 18 May 2022
Crystal Structure of the Y3:STAT1ND complex
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