4r9b

<StructureSection load='4r9b' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4r9b]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.20&Aring;' scene=''>

<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4r9b]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4R9B OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4R9B FirstGlance]. <br>

</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BGC:BETA-D-GLUCOSE'>BGC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GAL:BETA-D-GALACTOSE'>GAL</scene></td></tr>

<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4r9b FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4r9b OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4r9b PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4r9b RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4r9b PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4r9b ProSAT]</span></td></tr>

== Function ==

[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LEG3_HUMAN LEG3_HUMAN]] Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis (By similarity). In the nucleus: acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Involved in acute inflammatory responses including neutrophil activation and adhesion, chemoattraction of monocytes macrophages, opsonization of apoptotic neutrophils, and activation of mast cells.<ref>PMID:15181153</ref> <ref>PMID:19594635</ref> <ref>PMID:19616076</ref>

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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) which shows affinity of beta-galactosides is a cancer-related protein. Thus, it is important to understand its ligand binding mechanism and then design its specific inhibitor. It was suggested that the positions of water molecules in Gal-3 ligand-binding site could be replaced by appropriate chemical groups of ideal inhibitors. However, the reported structures of Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) complexed with lactose showed that the number of water molecules are different and the water positions are inconsistent in the ligand-binding site. This study reported four high-resolution (1.24-1.19 A) structures of Gal-3 CRD complexed with lactose, and accurately located 12 conserved water molecules in the water network of Gal-3 CRD ligand-binding site by merging these structures. These water molecules either directly stabilize the binding of Gal-3 CRD and lactose, or hold the former water molecules at the right place. In particular, water molecule 4 (W4) which only coordinates with water molecule 5 (W5) and water molecule 6 (W6) plays a key role in stabilizing galactose residue. In addition, by three-dimensional alignment of the positions of all residues, 14 flexible parts of Gal-3 CRD were found to dynamically fluctuate in the crystalline environment.

The water network in galectin-3 ligand binding site guides inhibitor design.,Su J, Zhang T, Wang P, Liu F, Tai G, Zhou Y Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2015 Mar;47(3):192-8. doi:, 10.1093/abbs/gmu132. Epub 2015 Feb 5. PMID:25662390<ref>PMID:25662390</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>

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<div class="pdbe-citations 4r9b" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category: Su, J Y]]

[[Category: Sugar binding protein]]