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| | ==Crystal structure of LOV2 domain of Arabidopsis thaliana phototropin 2== | | ==Crystal structure of LOV2 domain of Arabidopsis thaliana phototropin 2== |
| - | <StructureSection load='4eep' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4eep]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.70Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='4eep' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4eep]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.70Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4eep]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arath Arath]. The March 2015 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Phototropin'' by David Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2015_3 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2015_3]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4EEP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4EEP FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4eep]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana]. The March 2015 RCSB PDB [https://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Phototropin'' by David Goodsell is [https://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2015_3 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2015_3]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4EEP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4EEP FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FMN:FLAVIN+MONONUCLEOTIDE'>FMN</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FMN:FLAVIN+MONONUCLEOTIDE'>FMN</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4eer|4eer]], [[4ees|4ees]], [[4eet|4eet]], [[4eeu|4eeu]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4eep FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4eep OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4eep PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4eep RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4eep PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4eep ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PHOT2, CAV1, KIN7, NPL1, At5g58140, K21L19.6 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=3702 ARATH])</td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_serine/threonine_protein_kinase Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.1 2.7.11.1] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4eep FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4eep OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4eep PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4eep RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4eep PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4eep ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PHOT2_ARATH PHOT2_ARATH]] Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Mediates calcium spiking of extra- and intracellular origins in response to blue light. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism. Contributes to the chloroplast accumulation in low blue light and mediates their translocation (avoidance response) at high fluence. Regulates stomata opening and photomorphogenesis response of leaf tissue. Not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumulation or cotyledon opening.<ref>PMID:11371609</ref> <ref>PMID:11251116</ref> <ref>PMID:12821778</ref> <ref>PMID:15031408</ref> <ref>PMID:14982991</ref> | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PHOT2_ARATH PHOT2_ARATH]] Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Mediates calcium spiking of extra- and intracellular origins in response to blue light. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism. Contributes to the chloroplast accumulation in low blue light and mediates their translocation (avoidance response) at high fluence. Regulates stomata opening and photomorphogenesis response of leaf tissue. Not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumulation or cotyledon opening.<ref>PMID:11371609</ref> <ref>PMID:11251116</ref> <ref>PMID:12821778</ref> <ref>PMID:15031408</ref> <ref>PMID:14982991</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Arath]] | + | [[Category: Arabidopsis thaliana]] |
| - | [[Category: Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| | [[Category: Phototropin]] | | [[Category: Phototropin]] |
| | [[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]] | | [[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]] |
| - | [[Category: Arvai, A S]] | + | [[Category: Arvai AS]] |
| - | [[Category: Christie, J M]] | + | [[Category: Christie JM]] |
| - | [[Category: Getzoff, E D]] | + | [[Category: Getzoff ED]] |
| - | [[Category: Hartfield, K A]] | + | [[Category: Hartfield KA]] |
| - | [[Category: Hitomi, K]] | + | [[Category: Hitomi K]] |
| - | [[Category: Pratt, A J]] | + | [[Category: Pratt AJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Tainer, J A]] | + | [[Category: Tainer JA]] |
| - | [[Category: Blue light photoreceptor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Flavoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Lov]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Signaling protein]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
[PHOT2_ARATH] Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Mediates calcium spiking of extra- and intracellular origins in response to blue light. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism. Contributes to the chloroplast accumulation in low blue light and mediates their translocation (avoidance response) at high fluence. Regulates stomata opening and photomorphogenesis response of leaf tissue. Not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumulation or cotyledon opening.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Fluorescent proteins derived from Light, Oxygen or Voltage (LOV) domains offer advantages over Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from their small size and efficacy under anaerobic conditions. The flavoprotein iLOV was engineered from the blue-light receptor phototropin as a reporter of viral infection. To inform the molecular basis for the improved, photoreversible, fluorescent properties of iLOV, we employed directed evolution and determined five LOV crystallographic structures. Comparative structural analyses between iLOV and its progenitors reveal mutation-induced constraints in the environment of the flavin mononcleotide (FMN) chromophore: in iLOV, the methyl group of Thr 394 crowds the FMN isoalloxazine ring, Leu470 triggers side-chain flipping of Leu472, and the terminal FMN phosphate shows increased anchoring. We further engineered iLOV variants that are readily detectable in bacterial and mammalian cells, due to order-of-magnitude photostability increases. Structure determination of a resulting representative photostable iLOV (phiLOV) variant reveals additional constraints on the chromophore. Aromatic residues Tyr401 and Phe485 in phiLOV sandwich the FMN isoalloxazine ring from both sides, while Ser390 anchors the side chain of FMN-interacting Gln489 Our combined structural and mutational results reveal that constraining the FMN fluorophore yields improved photochemical properties for iLOV and its new photostable derivative. These findings provide a framework for structural fine-tuning of LOV-scaffold proteins to maximize their potential as oxygen-independent fluorescent reporters.
Structural Tuning of the Fluorescent Protein iLOV for Improved Photostability.,Christie JM, Hitomi K, Arvai AS, Hartfield KA, Mettlen M, Pratt AJ, Tainer JA, Getzoff ED J Biol Chem. 2012 May 9. PMID:22573334[6]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Sakai T, Kagawa T, Kasahara M, Swartz TE, Christie JM, Briggs WR, Wada M, Okada K. Arabidopsis nph1 and npl1: blue light receptors that mediate both phototropism and chloroplast relocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 5;98(12):6969-74. Epub 2001 May 22. PMID:11371609 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101137598
- ↑ Kagawa T, Sakai T, Suetsugu N, Oikawa K, Ishiguro S, Kato T, Tabata S, Okada K, Wada M. Arabidopsis NPL1: a phototropin homolog controlling the chloroplast high-light avoidance response. Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2138-41. PMID:11251116 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5511.2138
- ↑ Harada A, Sakai T, Okada K. Phot1 and phot2 mediate blue light-induced transient increases in cytosolic Ca2+ differently in Arabidopsis leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8583-8. Epub 2003 Jun 23. PMID:12821778 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1336802100
- ↑ Inada S, Ohgishi M, Mayama T, Okada K, Sakai T. RPT2 is a signal transducer involved in phototropic response and stomatal opening by association with phototropin 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 2004 Apr;16(4):887-96. Epub 2004 Mar 18. PMID:15031408 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.019901
- ↑ Ohgishi M, Saji K, Okada K, Sakai T. Functional analysis of each blue light receptor, cry1, cry2, phot1, and phot2, by using combinatorial multiple mutants in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2223-8. PMID:14982991
- ↑ Christie JM, Hitomi K, Arvai AS, Hartfield KA, Mettlen M, Pratt AJ, Tainer JA, Getzoff ED. Structural Tuning of the Fluorescent Protein iLOV for Improved Photostability. J Biol Chem. 2012 May 9. PMID:22573334 doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.318881
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