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What is an Insulin Receptor?

An insulin receptor is a large protein that binds to insulin and passes its message into the cell. When insulin binds to the receptor, it is activated and triggers a series of chemical reactions within the cell. These reactions cause an uptake in glucose and other metabolic and growth-related functions. The insulin receptor binds to insulin that is produced in our bodies as well as FDA approved designer insulin which allows people with diabetes to maintain the blood sugar levels necessary. Along with controlling homeostasis, insulin receptors also play a crucial role in regulating lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as modulating brain neurotransmitter levels.

Function

Insulin receptors are regions outside of a cell that allow the cell to bind with the insulin in the bloodstream. The main physiological role of insulin receptors is metabolic regulation.

In order for the receptors to properly interact with Insulin, Insulin must undergo a conformational change. This conformational change is when the C- terminal of the B chain must disengage from the hormone's core. Now the Insulin can properly bind to the appropriate receptor.

Insulin

In order to fully comprehend insulin receptors, it is important to understand what insulin is. Insulin is a hormone that allows our bodies to absorb glucose that is found in our bloodstream. The main source of insulin in the body is from the pancreas, which consists of islets. Islets are what produce and determine the amount of insulin based on the body's blood glucose levels. The higher the glucose levels, the more insulin is produced and released in order to bring blood sugar levels back to an equilibrium.

Disease

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Structural highlights

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