4ium

From Proteopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Revision as of 21:12, 16 November 2022

Equine arteritis virus papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) covalently bound to ubiquitin

Structural highlights

4ium is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Equine arteritis virus and Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:	, ,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

RPOA_EAVBU The replicase polyprotein 1ab is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products.^[1] Nsp1 is essential for viral subgenomic mRNA synthesis.^[2] Nsp2 cysteine proteinase which cleaves the nsp2/nsp3 site in the polyprotein. Also displays deubiquitinating and deISGylase activities. The deubiquitinating activity cleaves both ubiquitinated and ISGylated products and may therefore regulate ubiquitin and ISG15 dependent host innate immunity.^[3] The 3C-like serine proteinase chain is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of the polyprotein.^[4] The helicase chain, which contains a zinc finger structure, displays RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity.^[5]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Protein ubiquitination regulates important innate immune responses. The discovery of viruses encoding deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) suggests they remove ubiquitin to evade ubiquitin-dependent antiviral responses; however, this has never been conclusively demonstrated in virus-infected cells. Arteriviruses are economically important positive-stranded RNA viruses that encode an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain DUB known as papain-like protease 2 (PLP2). This enzyme is essential for arterivirus replication by cleaving a site within the viral replicase polyproteins and also removes ubiquitin from cellular proteins. To dissect this dual specificity, which relies on a single catalytic site, we determined the crystal structure of equine arteritis virus PLP2 in complex with ubiquitin (1.45 A). PLP2 binds ubiquitin using a zinc finger that is uniquely integrated into an exceptionally compact OTU-domain fold that represents a new subclass of zinc-dependent OTU DUBs. Notably, the ubiquitin-binding surface is distant from the catalytic site, which allowed us to mutate this surface to significantly reduce DUB activity without affecting polyprotein cleavage. Viruses harboring such mutations exhibited WT replication kinetics, confirming that PLP2-mediated polyprotein cleavage was intact, but the loss of DUB activity strikingly enhanced innate immune signaling. Compared with WT virus infection, IFN-beta mRNA levels in equine cells infected with PLP2 mutants were increased by nearly an order of magnitude. Our findings not only establish PLP2 DUB activity as a critical factor in arteriviral innate immune evasion, but the selective inactivation of DUB activity also opens unique possibilities for developing improved live attenuated vaccines against arteriviruses and other viruses encoding similar dual-specificity proteases.

Deubiquitinase function of arterivirus papain-like protease 2 suppresses the innate immune response in infected host cells.,van Kasteren PB, Bailey-Elkin BA, James TW, Ninaber DK, Beugeling C, Khajehpour M, Snijder EJ, Mark BL, Kikkert M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Feb 11. PMID:23401522^[6]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Frias-Staheli N, Giannakopoulos NV, Kikkert M, Taylor SL, Bridgen A, Paragas J, Richt JA, Rowland RR, Schmaljohn CS, Lenschow DJ, Snijder EJ, Garcia-Sastre A, Virgin HW 4th. Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Dec 13;2(6):404-16. PMID:18078692 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.014
↑ Frias-Staheli N, Giannakopoulos NV, Kikkert M, Taylor SL, Bridgen A, Paragas J, Richt JA, Rowland RR, Schmaljohn CS, Lenschow DJ, Snijder EJ, Garcia-Sastre A, Virgin HW 4th. Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Dec 13;2(6):404-16. PMID:18078692 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.014
↑ Frias-Staheli N, Giannakopoulos NV, Kikkert M, Taylor SL, Bridgen A, Paragas J, Richt JA, Rowland RR, Schmaljohn CS, Lenschow DJ, Snijder EJ, Garcia-Sastre A, Virgin HW 4th. Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Dec 13;2(6):404-16. PMID:18078692 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.014
↑ Frias-Staheli N, Giannakopoulos NV, Kikkert M, Taylor SL, Bridgen A, Paragas J, Richt JA, Rowland RR, Schmaljohn CS, Lenschow DJ, Snijder EJ, Garcia-Sastre A, Virgin HW 4th. Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Dec 13;2(6):404-16. PMID:18078692 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.014
↑ Frias-Staheli N, Giannakopoulos NV, Kikkert M, Taylor SL, Bridgen A, Paragas J, Richt JA, Rowland RR, Schmaljohn CS, Lenschow DJ, Snijder EJ, Garcia-Sastre A, Virgin HW 4th. Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Dec 13;2(6):404-16. PMID:18078692 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.014
↑ van Kasteren PB, Bailey-Elkin BA, James TW, Ninaber DK, Beugeling C, Khajehpour M, Snijder EJ, Mark BL, Kikkert M. Deubiquitinase function of arterivirus papain-like protease 2 suppresses the innate immune response in infected host cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Feb 11. PMID:23401522 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218464110

1 Structural highlights
2 Function
3 Publication Abstract from PubMed
4 See Also
5 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/4ium"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Equine arteritis virus papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) covalently bound to ubiquitin==
-<StructureSection load='4ium' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4ium]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.45&Aring;' scene=''>
+<StructureSection load='4ium' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4ium]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.45&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4ium]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eav Eav] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4IUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4IUM FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4ium]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_arteritis_virus Equine arteritis virus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4IUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4IUM FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
+</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=3CN:3-AMINOPROPANE'>3CN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
-<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=3CN:3-AMINOPROPANE'>3CN</scene></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ium FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4ium OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4ium PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4ium RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4ium PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4ium ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
-<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">rep, 1a-1b ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11047 EAV]), UBC ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
-<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ium FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4ium OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4ium PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4ium RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4ium PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4ium ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Function ==
-[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RPOA_EAVBU RPOA_EAVBU]] The replicase polyprotein 1ab is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   Nsp1 is essential for viral subgenomic mRNA synthesis.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   Nsp2 cysteine proteinase which cleaves the nsp2/nsp3 site in the polyprotein. Also displays deubiquitinating and deISGylase activities. The deubiquitinating activity cleaves both ubiquitinated and ISGylated products and may therefore regulate ubiquitin and ISG15 dependent host innate immunity.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   The 3C-like serine proteinase chain is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of the polyprotein.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   The helicase chain, which contains a zinc finger structure, displays RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC_HUMAN UBC_HUMAN]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref>
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RPOA_EAVBU RPOA_EAVBU] The replicase polyprotein 1ab is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   Nsp1 is essential for viral subgenomic mRNA synthesis.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   Nsp2 cysteine proteinase which cleaves the nsp2/nsp3 site in the polyprotein. Also displays deubiquitinating and deISGylase activities. The deubiquitinating activity cleaves both ubiquitinated and ISGylated products and may therefore regulate ubiquitin and ISG15 dependent host innate immunity.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   The 3C-like serine proteinase chain is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of the polyprotein.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>   The helicase chain, which contains a zinc finger structure, displays RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity.<ref>PMID:18078692</ref>
 <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
 == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
@@ Line 22: / Line 20: @@
 ==See Also==
-*[[Ubiquitin|Ubiquitin]]
+*[[3D structures of ubiquitin|3D structures of ubiquitin]]
 == References ==
 <references/>
 __TOC__
 </StructureSection>
-[[Category: Eav]]
+[[Category: Equine arteritis virus]]
-[[Category: Human]]
+[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-[[Category: Bailey-Elkin, B A]]
+[[Category: Large Structures]]
-[[Category: James, T W]]
+[[Category: Bailey-Elkin BA]]
-[[Category: Mark, B L]]
+[[Category: James TW]]
-[[Category: Deubiquitinase]]
+[[Category: Mark BL]]
-[[Category: Hydrolase-protein binding complex]]

4ium

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 21:12, 16 November 2022

Equine arteritis virus papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) covalently bound to ubiquitin

Structural highlights

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

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