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| | <StructureSection load='4ldk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4ldk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.04Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='4ldk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4ldk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.04Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4ldk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LDK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LDK FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4ldk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LDK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LDK FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSD:3-SULFINOALANINE'>CSD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSD:3-SULFINOALANINE'>CSD</scene></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ldk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4ldk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4ldk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4ldk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4ldk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4ldk ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">GFER, ALR, HERV1, HPO ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiol_oxidase Thiol oxidase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.8.3.2 1.8.3.2] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ldk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4ldk OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4ldk PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4ldk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4ldk PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4ldk ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALR_HUMAN ALR_HUMAN]] Congenital cataract - progressive muscular hypotonia - hearing loss - developmental delay. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALR_HUMAN ALR_HUMAN] Congenital cataract - progressive muscular hypotonia - hearing loss - developmental delay. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALR_HUMAN ALR_HUMAN]] Isoform 1: FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that regenerates the redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, a chaperone essential for disulfide bond formation and protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The reduced form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with GFER/ERV1, resulting in regeneration of the essential disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, while GFER/ERV1 becomes re-oxidized by donating electrons to cytochrome c or molecular oxygen.<ref>PMID:19397338</ref> <ref>PMID:23186364</ref> <ref>PMID:20593814</ref> <ref>PMID:21383138</ref> <ref>PMID:22224850</ref> Isoform 2: May act as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor promoting liver regeneration.<ref>PMID:19397338</ref> <ref>PMID:23186364</ref> <ref>PMID:20593814</ref> <ref>PMID:21383138</ref> <ref>PMID:22224850</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALR_HUMAN ALR_HUMAN] Isoform 1: FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that regenerates the redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, a chaperone essential for disulfide bond formation and protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The reduced form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with GFER/ERV1, resulting in regeneration of the essential disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, while GFER/ERV1 becomes re-oxidized by donating electrons to cytochrome c or molecular oxygen.<ref>PMID:19397338</ref> <ref>PMID:23186364</ref> <ref>PMID:20593814</ref> <ref>PMID:21383138</ref> <ref>PMID:22224850</ref> Isoform 2: May act as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor promoting liver regeneration.<ref>PMID:19397338</ref> <ref>PMID:23186364</ref> <ref>PMID:20593814</ref> <ref>PMID:21383138</ref> <ref>PMID:22224850</ref> |
| | | | |
| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Sulfhydryl oxidase|Sulfhydryl oxidase]] | + | *[[Sulfhydryl oxidase 3D structures|Sulfhydryl oxidase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Thiol oxidase]]
| + | [[Category: Bahnson B]] |
| - | [[Category: Bahnson, B]] | + | [[Category: Dong M]] |
| - | [[Category: Dong, M]] | + | [[Category: Ramadan S]] |
| - | [[Category: Ramadan, S]] | + | [[Category: Thorpe C]] |
| - | [[Category: Thorpe, C]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Flavin]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Flavoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
ALR_HUMAN Congenital cataract - progressive muscular hypotonia - hearing loss - developmental delay. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
ALR_HUMAN Isoform 1: FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that regenerates the redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, a chaperone essential for disulfide bond formation and protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The reduced form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with GFER/ERV1, resulting in regeneration of the essential disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, while GFER/ERV1 becomes re-oxidized by donating electrons to cytochrome c or molecular oxygen.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Isoform 2: May act as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor promoting liver regeneration.[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
See Also
References
- ↑ Daithankar VN, Farrell SR, Thorpe C. Augmenter of liver regeneration: substrate specificity of a flavin-dependent oxidoreductase from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Biochemistry. 2009 Jun 9;48(22):4828-37. doi: 10.1021/bi900347v. PMID:19397338 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi900347v
- ↑ Sztolsztener ME, Brewinska A, Guiard B, Chacinska A. Disulfide bond formation: sulfhydryl oxidase ALR controls mitochondrial biogenesis of human MIA40. Traffic. 2013 Mar;14(3):309-20. doi: 10.1111/tra.12030. Epub 2012 Dec 16. PMID:23186364 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tra.12030
- ↑ Daithankar VN, Schaefer SA, Dong M, Bahnson BJ, Thorpe C. Structure of the human sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration and characterization of a human mutation causing an autosomal recessive myopathy. Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 1. PMID:20593814 doi:10.1021/bi100912m
- ↑ Banci L, Bertini I, Calderone V, Cefaro C, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Gallo A, Kallergi E, Lionaki E, Pozidis C, Tokatlidis K. Molecular recognition and substrate mimicry drive the electron-transfer process between MIA40 and ALR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 22;108(12):4811-6. Epub 2011 Mar 7. PMID:21383138 doi:10.1073/pnas.1014542108
- ↑ Banci L, Bertini I, Calderone V, Cefaro C, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Gallo A, Tokatlidis K. An electron-transfer path through an extended disulfide relay system: the case of the redox protein ALR. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 25;134(3):1442-5. Epub 2012 Jan 6. PMID:22224850 doi:10.1021/ja209881f
- ↑ Daithankar VN, Farrell SR, Thorpe C. Augmenter of liver regeneration: substrate specificity of a flavin-dependent oxidoreductase from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Biochemistry. 2009 Jun 9;48(22):4828-37. doi: 10.1021/bi900347v. PMID:19397338 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi900347v
- ↑ Sztolsztener ME, Brewinska A, Guiard B, Chacinska A. Disulfide bond formation: sulfhydryl oxidase ALR controls mitochondrial biogenesis of human MIA40. Traffic. 2013 Mar;14(3):309-20. doi: 10.1111/tra.12030. Epub 2012 Dec 16. PMID:23186364 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tra.12030
- ↑ Daithankar VN, Schaefer SA, Dong M, Bahnson BJ, Thorpe C. Structure of the human sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration and characterization of a human mutation causing an autosomal recessive myopathy. Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 1. PMID:20593814 doi:10.1021/bi100912m
- ↑ Banci L, Bertini I, Calderone V, Cefaro C, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Gallo A, Kallergi E, Lionaki E, Pozidis C, Tokatlidis K. Molecular recognition and substrate mimicry drive the electron-transfer process between MIA40 and ALR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 22;108(12):4811-6. Epub 2011 Mar 7. PMID:21383138 doi:10.1073/pnas.1014542108
- ↑ Banci L, Bertini I, Calderone V, Cefaro C, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Gallo A, Tokatlidis K. An electron-transfer path through an extended disulfide relay system: the case of the redox protein ALR. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 25;134(3):1442-5. Epub 2012 Jan 6. PMID:22224850 doi:10.1021/ja209881f
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