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| | <StructureSection load='1gwy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1gwy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.71Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='1gwy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1gwy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.71Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1gwy]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichactis_helianthus Stoichactis helianthus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1GWY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1GWY FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1gwy]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichodactyla_helianthus Stichodactyla helianthus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1GWY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1GWY FirstGlance]. <br> |
| | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1o71|1o71]], [[1o72|1o72]]</div></td></tr> | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1gwy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1gwy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1gwy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1gwy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1gwy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1gwy ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1gwy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1gwy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1gwy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1gwy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1gwy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1gwy ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACTP2_STIHL ACTP2_STIHL]] Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of several monomers. Cytolytic effects include red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia, and inotropic effects.<ref>PMID:10978735</ref> <ref>PMID:11478962</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACTP2_STIHL ACTP2_STIHL] Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of several monomers. Cytolytic effects include red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia, and inotropic effects.<ref>PMID:10978735</ref> <ref>PMID:11478962</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Stoichactis helianthus]] | + | [[Category: Stichodactyla helianthus]] |
| - | [[Category: Gavilanes, J G]] | + | [[Category: Gavilanes JG]] |
| - | [[Category: Hermoso, J A]] | + | [[Category: Hermoso JA]] |
| - | [[Category: Mancheno, J M]] | + | [[Category: Mancheno JM]] |
| - | [[Category: Martin-Benito, J]] | + | [[Category: Martin-Benito J]] |
| - | [[Category: Martinez-Ripoll, M]] | + | [[Category: Martinez-Ripoll M]] |
| - | [[Category: Cnidocyst]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Cytolysin]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hemolysis]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Pore-forming toxin]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
ACTP2_STIHL Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of several monomers. Cytolytic effects include red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia, and inotropic effects.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Sticholysin II (StnII) is a pore-forming protein (PFP) produced by the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. We found out that StnII exists in a monomeric soluble state but forms tetramers in the presence of a lipidic interface. Both structures have been independently determined at 1.7 A and 18 A resolution, respectively, by using X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals. Besides, the structure of soluble StnII complexed with phosphocholine, determined at 2.4 A resolution, reveals a phospholipid headgroup binding site, which is located in a region with an unusually high abundance of aromatic residues. Fitting of the atomic model into the electron microscopy density envelope suggests that while the beta sandwich structure of the protein remains intact upon oligomerization, the N-terminal region and a flexible and highly basic loop undergo significant conformational changes. These results provide the structural basis for the membrane recognition step of actinoporins and unexpected insights into the oligomerization step.
Crystal and electron microscopy structures of sticholysin II actinoporin reveal insights into the mechanism of membrane pore formation.,Mancheno JM, Martin-Benito J, Martinez-Ripoll M, Gavilanes JG, Hermoso JA Structure. 2003 Nov;11(11):1319-28. PMID:14604522[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Lanio ME, Morera V, Alvarez C, Tejuca M, Gomez T, Pazos F, Besada V, Martinez D, Huerta V, Padron G, de los Angeles Chavez M. Purification and characterization of two hemolysins from Stichodactyla helianthus. Toxicon. 2001 Feb-Mar;39(2-3):187-94. PMID:10978735
- ↑ Martinez D, Campos AM, Pazos F, Alvarez C, Lanio ME, Casallanovo F, Schreier S, Salinas RK, Vergara C, Lissi E. Properties of St I and St II, two isotoxins isolated from Stichodactyla helianthus: a comparison. Toxicon. 2001 Oct;39(10):1547-60. PMID:11478962
- ↑ Mancheno JM, Martin-Benito J, Martinez-Ripoll M, Gavilanes JG, Hermoso JA. Crystal and electron microscopy structures of sticholysin II actinoporin reveal insights into the mechanism of membrane pore formation. Structure. 2003 Nov;11(11):1319-28. PMID:14604522
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