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| | <StructureSection load='7onm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7onm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.77Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='7onm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7onm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.77Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7onm]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7ONM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7ONM FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7onm]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7ONM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7ONM FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=O:OXYGEN+ATOM'>O</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=VKZ:4-[2-(4-azanyl-9-chloranyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethyl-7-oxidanylidene-spiro[1$l^{4},8-diaza-9$l^{8}-iridabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-1,3,5-triene-9,1-1$l^{8}-iridapentacyclo[2.2.0.0^{1,3}.0^{1,5}.0^{2,6}]hexane]-8-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide'>VKZ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=VI3:(2~{R})-2-azanyl-3-[bis(oxidanylidene)-$l^{5}-sulfanyl]propanoic+acid'>VI3</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=VKZ:4-[2-(4-azanyl-9-chloranyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentamethyl-7-oxidanylidene-spiro[1$l^{4},8-diaza-9$l^{8}-iridabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-1,3,5-triene-9,1-1$l^{8}-iridapentacyclo[2.2.0.0^{1,3}.0^{1,5}.0^{2,6}]hexane]-8-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide'>VKZ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_dehydratase Carbonate dehydratase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.1 4.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7onm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7onm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7onm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7onm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7onm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7onm ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7onm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7onm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7onm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7onm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7onm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7onm ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| Line 21: |
Line 20: |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 7onm" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 7onm" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures|Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Carbonate dehydratase]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Cotelle, Y]] | + | [[Category: Cotelle Y]] |
| - | [[Category: Dongping, C]] | + | [[Category: Dongping C]] |
| - | [[Category: Rebelein, J G]] | + | [[Category: Rebelein JG]] |
| - | [[Category: Stein, A]] | + | [[Category: Stein A]] |
| - | [[Category: Ward, T R]] | + | [[Category: Ward TR]] |
| - | [[Category: Artificial metalloenzyme]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Artificial transfer hydrogenase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Metal binding protein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
CAH2_HUMAN Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:259730; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Function
CAH2_HUMAN Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.[6] [7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Artificial metalloenzymes result from anchoring a metal cofactor within a host protein. Such hybrid catalysts combine the selectivity and specificity of enzymes with the versatility of (abiotic) transition metals to catalyze new-to-nature reactions in an evolvable scaffold. With the aim of improving the localization of an arylsulfonamide-bearing iridium-pianostool catalyst within human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) for the enantioselective reduction of prochiral imines, we introduced a covalent linkage between the host and the guest. Herein, we show that a judiciously positioned cysteine residue reacts with a p-nitropicolinamide ligand bound to iridium to afford an additional sulfonamide covalent linkage. Three rounds of directed evolution, performed on the dually anchored cofactor, led to improved activity and selectivity for the enantioselective reduction of harmaline (up to 97% ee (R) and >350 turnovers on a preparative scale). To evaluate the substrate scope, the best hits of each generation were tested with eight substrates. X-ray analysis, carried out at various stages of the evolutionary trajectory, was used to scrutinize (i) the nature of the covalent linkage between the cofactor and the host as well as (ii) the remodeling of the substrate-binding pocket.
A Dual Anchoring Strategy for the Directed Evolution of Improved Artificial Transfer Hydrogenases Based on Carbonic Anhydrase.,Stein A, Chen D, Igareta NV, Cotelle Y, Rebelein JG, Ward TR ACS Cent Sci. 2021 Nov 24;7(11):1874-1884. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00825. Epub , 2021 Nov 11. PMID:34849402[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Venta PJ, Welty RJ, Johnson TM, Sly WS, Tashian RE. Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Belgian family is caused by a point mutation at an invariant histidine residue (107 His----Tyr): complete structure of the normal human CA II gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Nov;49(5):1082-90. PMID:1928091
- ↑ Roth DE, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Sly WS. Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1804-8. PMID:1542674
- ↑ Soda H, Yukizane S, Yoshida I, Koga Y, Aramaki S, Kato H. A point mutation in exon 3 (His 107-->Tyr) in two unrelated Japanese patients with carbonic anhydrase II deficiency with central nervous system involvement. Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;97(4):435-7. PMID:8834238
- ↑ Hu PY, Lim EJ, Ciccolella J, Strisciuglio P, Sly WS. Seven novel mutations in carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome identified by SSCP and direct sequencing analysis. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(5):383-7. PMID:9143915 doi:<383::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-5 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:5<383::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-5
- ↑ Shah GN, Bonapace G, Hu PY, Strisciuglio P, Sly WS. Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and brain calcification): novel mutations in CA2 identified by direct sequencing expand the opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation. Hum Mutat. 2004 Sep;24(3):272. PMID:15300855 doi:10.1002/humu.9266
- ↑ Briganti F, Mangani S, Scozzafava A, Vernaglione G, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction? J Biol Inorg Chem. 1999 Oct;4(5):528-36. PMID:10550681
- ↑ Kim CY, Whittington DA, Chang JS, Liao J, May JA, Christianson DW. Structural aspects of isozyme selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases II and IV. J Med Chem. 2002 Feb 14;45(4):888-93. PMID:11831900
- ↑ Stein A, Chen D, Igareta NV, Cotelle Y, Rebelein JG, Ward TR. A Dual Anchoring Strategy for the Directed Evolution of Improved Artificial Transfer Hydrogenases Based on Carbonic Anhydrase. ACS Cent Sci. 2021 Nov 24;7(11):1874-1884. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00825. Epub , 2021 Nov 11. PMID:34849402 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00825
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