User:Daniel Key Takemoto/Sandbox 1
From Proteopedia
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==Structure and functions== | ==Structure and functions== | ||
| - | <Structure load='4QVZ' size='340' frame='true' align='right' caption='N-terminal domain of the FMRP' /> | ||
| - | <Structure load='5DE5' size='340' frame='true' align='right' caption='RGG box' /> | ||
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Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) is encoded by the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (''FMR1'') gene, located in the X chromossome, associated with the fragile X syndrome (FXS), Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF1). FMRP functions as a synaptic regulator by binding to mRNAs and inhibiting its translation, therefore regulating the synthesis of proteins in the synapse. It is also a RNA binding protein, which is reponsible for the transportation of mRNAs to cytoplam. The FMRP can also bind to its own FMR1 transcripts, possibly a self-regulatory mechanism. The RGG motif bind to G-quadruplexes, secondary structures formed in some RNAs. The structure being represented on the right represents the FMRP RGG motif and the G-quadruplex secondary structure in the RNA. The protein structure was obtained by X-ray diffraction with a 3 Å resolution <ref>doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515737112</ref> | Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) is encoded by the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (''FMR1'') gene, located in the X chromossome, associated with the fragile X syndrome (FXS), Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF1). FMRP functions as a synaptic regulator by binding to mRNAs and inhibiting its translation, therefore regulating the synthesis of proteins in the synapse. It is also a RNA binding protein, which is reponsible for the transportation of mRNAs to cytoplam. The FMRP can also bind to its own FMR1 transcripts, possibly a self-regulatory mechanism. The RGG motif bind to G-quadruplexes, secondary structures formed in some RNAs. The structure being represented on the right represents the FMRP RGG motif and the G-quadruplex secondary structure in the RNA. The protein structure was obtained by X-ray diffraction with a 3 Å resolution <ref>doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515737112</ref> | ||
==N-terminal domain== | ==N-terminal domain== | ||
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| + | <Structure load='4QVZ' size='340' frame='true' align='right' caption='N-terminal domain of the FMRP' /> | ||
bla bla bla | bla bla bla | ||
==RGG motif== | ==RGG motif== | ||
| + | <Structure load='5DE5' size='340' frame='true' align='right' caption='RGG box' /> | ||
Different domains and motifs mediate the RNA binding mechanism and the exon 15-encoded RGG (arginine - glycine - glycine) motif is one of them. The RGG motif is well conserved in vertebrates.To easily represent the RGG motif binding to a RNA, this motif will be highlitghted in the scene <scene name='96/969643/Rgg_motif_binding_to_rna/16'>RGG motif</scene> Crystal structure of the complex between human FMRP RGG motif and G-quadruplex RNA. Several tetrads can stack in a single G-quadruplex structure and be stabilized further by potassium cations, in the case of FMRP targets, whereas destabilized by lithium cations. FMRP RGG motifs seem to prefer binding to specific structures, not linear motifs. Therefore, the understanding of the interaction RGG-RNA is important for the comprehension of the FMRP and FXS. | Different domains and motifs mediate the RNA binding mechanism and the exon 15-encoded RGG (arginine - glycine - glycine) motif is one of them. The RGG motif is well conserved in vertebrates.To easily represent the RGG motif binding to a RNA, this motif will be highlitghted in the scene <scene name='96/969643/Rgg_motif_binding_to_rna/16'>RGG motif</scene> Crystal structure of the complex between human FMRP RGG motif and G-quadruplex RNA. Several tetrads can stack in a single G-quadruplex structure and be stabilized further by potassium cations, in the case of FMRP targets, whereas destabilized by lithium cations. FMRP RGG motifs seem to prefer binding to specific structures, not linear motifs. Therefore, the understanding of the interaction RGG-RNA is important for the comprehension of the FMRP and FXS. | ||
Revision as of 19:59, 10 June 2023
Contents |
Structure and functions
Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) is encoded by the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene, located in the X chromossome, associated with the fragile X syndrome (FXS), Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF1). FMRP functions as a synaptic regulator by binding to mRNAs and inhibiting its translation, therefore regulating the synthesis of proteins in the synapse. It is also a RNA binding protein, which is reponsible for the transportation of mRNAs to cytoplam. The FMRP can also bind to its own FMR1 transcripts, possibly a self-regulatory mechanism. The RGG motif bind to G-quadruplexes, secondary structures formed in some RNAs. The structure being represented on the right represents the FMRP RGG motif and the G-quadruplex secondary structure in the RNA. The protein structure was obtained by X-ray diffraction with a 3 Å resolution [1]
N-terminal domain
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bla bla bla
RGG motif
|
Different domains and motifs mediate the RNA binding mechanism and the exon 15-encoded RGG (arginine - glycine - glycine) motif is one of them. The RGG motif is well conserved in vertebrates.To easily represent the RGG motif binding to a RNA, this motif will be highlitghted in the scene Crystal structure of the complex between human FMRP RGG motif and G-quadruplex RNA. Several tetrads can stack in a single G-quadruplex structure and be stabilized further by potassium cations, in the case of FMRP targets, whereas destabilized by lithium cations. FMRP RGG motifs seem to prefer binding to specific structures, not linear motifs. Therefore, the understanding of the interaction RGG-RNA is important for the comprehension of the FMRP and FXS.
A motif that is going to be explored is the RGG motif, that the protein uses to bind to guanine G-quadruplexes a structure that consists of nucleic acid folding in which four guanines arrange in a planar conformation stabilized by Hoogsteen-trype hydrogen bonds, named tetrad.
Associated diseases
Trinucleotides repeats (CGG) are located in CpG islands in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the gene related to the expression of the gene. Individuals carrying up to 44 repeats of trinucleotides are of common aleles. Individuals that have between 44 and 55 repeats are known to carry the premutation, usually associated with FXTAS and PFO1. However, when the repeat expansion is above 55 the individual is carrying the full mutation, which leads to the silencing of the gene, due to methylation, therefore there is absence or reduced levels of the FMRP, causing abnormal synaptic development and symptons associated with the FXS.
Relevance
References
- ↑ doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515737112
