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| | ==Solution structure of Exenatide (exendin-4) in 30-vol% trifluoroethanol using CS-Rosetta== | | ==Solution structure of Exenatide (exendin-4) in 30-vol% trifluoroethanol using CS-Rosetta== |
| - | <StructureSection load='7mll' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7mll]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 5 NMR models]]' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='7mll' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7mll]]' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7mll]] is a 1 chain structure. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7MLL OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7MLL FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7mll]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heloderma_suspectum Heloderma suspectum]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7MLL OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7MLL FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7mll FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7mll OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7mll PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7mll RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7mll PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7mll ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7mll FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7mll OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7mll PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7mll RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7mll PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7mll ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EXE4_HELSU EXE4_HELSU]] Venom protein that mimics the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion, protects against beta-cell apoptosis in response to different insults, and promotes beta-cell proliferation. It also promotes satiety, reduces food intake, reduces fat deposition, reduces body weight and inhibits gastric emptying. Interacts with GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R). Induces hypotension that is mediated by relaxation of cardiac smooth muscle.<ref>PMID:8405712</ref> <ref>PMID:19837656</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EXE4_HELSU EXE4_HELSU] Venom protein that mimics the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion, protects against beta-cell apoptosis in response to different insults, and promotes beta-cell proliferation. It also promotes satiety, reduces food intake, reduces fat deposition, reduces body weight and inhibits gastric emptying. Interacts with GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R). Induces hypotension that is mediated by relaxation of cardiac smooth muscle.<ref>PMID:8405712</ref> <ref>PMID:19837656</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | + | [[Category: Heloderma suspectum]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Bhavaraju, S]] | + | [[Category: Bhavaraju S]] |
| - | [[Category: Mishra, S H]] | + | [[Category: Mishra SH]] |
| - | [[Category: Anti-diabetic drug]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protein binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Signaling receptor binding]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
EXE4_HELSU Venom protein that mimics the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion, protects against beta-cell apoptosis in response to different insults, and promotes beta-cell proliferation. It also promotes satiety, reduces food intake, reduces fat deposition, reduces body weight and inhibits gastric emptying. Interacts with GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R). Induces hypotension that is mediated by relaxation of cardiac smooth muscle.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Exenatide is a peptide based anti-diabetic prescription medication. Until now, the literature has lacked a comprehensive atom-specific molecular characterization for this complex large peptide by NMR spectroscopy that can be effortlessly and rapidly utilized for biopharmaceutical structural veracity. Peptide structure verification by NMR is challenging and cumbersome when reliant on traditional proton-based methodology (through-bond and through-space proton connectivity) alone due to increasing complexity, low signal dispersion, and overlap. These challenges are overcome by using 2D heteronuclear ((1)H-(13)C and (1)H-(15)N) maps that not only allow unambiguous signal assignment, but also condense the structural verification information within simplified peptide amide and carbon fingerprint maps. Here we report such simplified amide and carbon fingerprint maps for exenatide; made possible by the first ever comprehensive heteronuclear ((1)H,(13)C, and (15)N) atom specific assignment of exenatide. These heteronuclear assignments were obtained without any isotopic enrichments i.e. at natural abundance, and hence are easily deployable as routine procedures. Furthermore, we compare the 2D heteronuclear maps of exenatide to a chemically identical peptide differing only in the isomerism of the Calpha position of the first amino acid, [dHis1]-exenatide, to demonstrate the uniqueness of these maps. We show that despite deliberate changes in pH, temperature, and concentrations, the differences between the amide maps of exenatide and [dHis1]-exenatide are retained. The work presented here not only provides a facilitated structure verification of exenatide but also a framework for heteronuclear NMR data acquisition and signal assignment of large peptides, at natural abundance, in creating their respective unique 2D fingerprint maps.
Facilitated structure verification of the biopharmaceutical peptide exenatide by 2D heteronuclear NMR maps.,Mishra SH, Bhavaraju S, Schmidt DR, Carrick KL J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021 Sep 5;203:114136. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114136. Epub, 2021 May 21. PMID:34087552[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Thorens B, Porret A, Buhler L, Deng SP, Morel P, Widmann C. Cloning and functional expression of the human islet GLP-1 receptor. Demonstration that exendin-4 is an agonist and exendin-(9-39) an antagonist of the receptor. Diabetes. 1993 Nov;42(11):1678-82. PMID:8405712
- ↑ Fry BG, Roelants K, Winter K, Hodgson WC, Griesman L, Kwok HF, Scanlon D, Karas J, Shaw C, Wong L, Norman JA. Novel venom proteins produced by differential domain-expression strategies in beaded lizards and gila monsters (genus Heloderma). Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Feb;27(2):395-407. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp251. Epub 2009 Oct , 15. PMID:19837656 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp251
- ↑ Mishra SH, Bhavaraju S, Schmidt DR, Carrick KL. Facilitated structure verification of the biopharmaceutical peptide exenatide by 2D heteronuclear NMR maps. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021 Sep 5;203:114136. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114136. Epub, 2021 May 21. PMID:34087552 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114136
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