5cva

Structural highlights

Disease

CO9A1_HUMAN Defects in COL9A1 are the cause of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 6 (EDM6) [MIM:614135. A generalized skeletal dysplasia associated with significant morbidity. Joint pain, joint deformity, waddling gait, and short stature are the main clinical signs and symptoms. Radiological examination of the skeleton shows delayed, irregular mineralization of the epiphyseal ossification centers and of the centers of the carpal and tarsal bones. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is broadly categorized into the more severe Fairbank and the milder Ribbing types. The Fairbank type is characterized by shortness of stature, short and stubby fingers, small epiphyses in several joints, including the knee, ankle, hand, and hip. The Ribbing type is confined predominantly to the hip joints and is characterized by hands that are normal and stature that is normal or near-normal.^[1] Defects in COL9A1 are the cause of Stickler syndrome type 4 (STL4) [MIM:614134. An autosomal recessive form of Stickler syndrome, an inherited disorder that associates ocular signs with more or less complete forms of Pierre Robin sequence, bone disorders and sensorineural deafness. Ocular disorders may include juvenile cataract, myopia, strabismus, vitreoretinal or chorioretinal degeneration, retinal detachment, and chronic uveitis. Robin sequence includes an opening in the roof of the mouth (a cleft palate), a large tongue (macroglossia), and a small lower jaw (micrognathia). Bones are affected by slight platyspondylisis and large, often defective epiphyses. Juvenile joint laxity is followed by early signs of arthrosis. The degree of hearing loss varies among affected individuals and may become more severe over time. Syndrome expressivity is variable.^[2] CO1A2_HUMAN Osteogenesis imperfecta type 4;Osteogenesis imperfecta type 1;Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 7B;Ehlers-Danlos/osteogenesis imperfecta syndrome;Osteogenesis imperfecta type 2;Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, cardiac valvular type;High bone mass osteogenesis imperfecta;Osteogenesis imperfecta type 3. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. A chromosomal aberration involving COL1A2 may be a cause of lipoblastomas, which are benign tumors resulting from transformation of adipocytes, usually diagnosed in children. Translocation t(7;8)(p22;q13) with PLAG1.

Function

CO9A1_HUMAN Structural component of hyaline cartilage and vitreous of the eye.CO1A2_HUMAN Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen).

See Also

• Collagen 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Czarny-Ratajczak M, Lohiniva J, Rogala P, Kozlowski K, Perala M, Carter L, Spector TD, Kolodziej L, Seppanen U, Glazar R, Krolewski J, Latos-Bielenska A, Ala-Kokko L. A mutation in COL9A1 causes multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: further evidence for locus heterogeneity. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Nov;69(5):969-80. Epub 2001 Sep 14. PMID:11565064 doi:10.1086/324023
2. ↑ Van Camp G, Snoeckx RL, Hilgert N, van den Ende J, Fukuoka H, Wagatsuma M, Suzuki H, Smets RM, Vanhoenacker F, Declau F, Van de Heyning P, Usami S. A new autosomal recessive form of Stickler syndrome is caused by a mutation in the COL9A1 gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Sep;79(3):449-57. Epub 2006 Jun 26. PMID:16909383 doi:10.1086/506478
3. ↑ Boudko SP, Bachinger HP. Structural insight for chain selection and stagger control in collagen. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 29;6:37831. doi: 10.1038/srep37831. PMID:27897211 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep37831