User:Marcos Vinícius Caetano/Sandbox 1

The motor domain contains two inserts that are unique in the myosin superfamily:

Insert 1: Cys278-Ala303.

Location: This insert belongs to the U50kDa subdomain and it is located near the nucleotide-binding pocket and the Switch I.

Function: This insert provides unique kinetic characteristics: it modulates nucleotide binding and switch 1 flexibility, therefore, it slows ADP release and ATP-induced dissociation of the motor from actin (at saturating ATP concentrations).

Mechanism: As also seen in all other myosins, the conformation of switch I relative to the U50kDa subdomain is not altered by the presence of insert 1. However, the small loop (Gly304-Asp313) that follows this insert, is repositioned, standing out in the nucleotide-binding pocket (decreasing nucleotide accessibility by steric impediment ) and strongly interacting with switch 1 by the residues: L306, D308, L310, L311. Also, C278 and F282 of insert 1 interacts with switch 1. L310 is specifically important because its position selectively interfere with ATP binding, while having little or no effect on ADP binding. Mutation of leucine 310 to glycine removes all influence of insert-1 on ATP binding.

Insert 2: Pro774-Tyr812.

Location: This insert is between the converter and the IQ motif

Function: Redirectionare the lever arm and that it contains a CaM-bingind motif.

Mechanism: The proximal part of insert 2 (Pro774-Trp787) wraps around the converter, while the distal part (Trp787-Tyr812) forms a CaM-binding motif. The insert 2 and its associated CaM molecule (with 4Ca2+), make specific interactions with the converter, many involving a variable loop (Lys719-Pro731). THe result of interactions is that IQ helix emerges ~120° from the position that it emerges in all other myosins, redirecting the IQ helix and the CaM towards the minus end of the actin filament.

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== Structural highlights ==

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