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| | <StructureSection load='2nvk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nvk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2nvk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nvk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nvk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drome Drome]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NVK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NVK FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nvk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NVK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NVK FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Trxr-1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=7227 DROME])</td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioredoxin-disulfide_reductase Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.8.1.9 1.8.1.9] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nvk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nvk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nvk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nvk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nvk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nvk ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nvk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nvk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nvk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nvk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nvk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nvk ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRXR1_DROME TRXR1_DROME]] Thioredoxin system is a major player in glutathione metabolism, due to the demonstrated absence of a glutathione reductase. Functionally interacts with the Sod/Cat reactive oxidation species (ROS) defense system and thereby has a role in preadult development and life span. Lack of a glutathione reductase suggests antioxidant defense in Drosophila, and probably in related insects, differs fundamentally from that in other organisms.<ref>PMID:11158675</ref> <ref>PMID:11525742</ref> <ref>PMID:11796729</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRXR1_DROME TRXR1_DROME] Thioredoxin system is a major player in glutathione metabolism, due to the demonstrated absence of a glutathione reductase. Functionally interacts with the Sod/Cat reactive oxidation species (ROS) defense system and thereby has a role in preadult development and life span. Lack of a glutathione reductase suggests antioxidant defense in Drosophila, and probably in related insects, differs fundamentally from that in other organisms.<ref>PMID:11158675</ref> <ref>PMID:11525742</ref> <ref>PMID:11796729</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Drome]] | + | [[Category: Drosophila melanogaster]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase]]
| + | [[Category: Eckenroth BE]] |
| - | [[Category: Eckenroth, B E]] | + | [[Category: Everse SJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Everse, S J]] | + | [[Category: Hondal RJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Hondal, R J]] | + | [[Category: Rould MA]] |
| - | [[Category: Rould, M A]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Flavoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Rossmann]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
TRXR1_DROME Thioredoxin system is a major player in glutathione metabolism, due to the demonstrated absence of a glutathione reductase. Functionally interacts with the Sod/Cat reactive oxidation species (ROS) defense system and thereby has a role in preadult development and life span. Lack of a glutathione reductase suggests antioxidant defense in Drosophila, and probably in related insects, differs fundamentally from that in other organisms.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Thioredoxin reductase (TR) from Drosophila melanogaster (DmTR) is a member of the glutathione reductase (GR) family of pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductases and catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin. DmTR is notable for having high catalytic activity without the presence of a selenocysteine (Sec) residue (which is essential for the mammalian thioredoxin reductases). We report here the X-ray crystal structure of DmTR at 2.4 A resolution (Rwork = 19.8%, Rfree = 24.7%) in which the enzyme was truncated to remove the C-terminal tripeptide sequence Cys-Cys-Ser. We also demonstrate that tetrapeptides equivalent to the oxidized C-terminal active sites of both mouse mitochondrial TR (mTR3) and DmTR are substrates for the truncated forms of both enzymes. This truncated enzyme/peptide substrate system examines the kinetics of the ring-opening step that occurs during the enzymatic cycle of TR. The ring-opening step is 300-500-fold slower when Sec is replaced with Cys in mTR3 when using this system. Conversely, when Cys is replaced with Sec in DmTR, the rate of ring opening is only moderately increased (5-36-fold). Structures of these tetrapeptides were oriented in the active site of both enzymes using oxidized glutathione bound to GR as a template. DmTR has a more open tetrapeptide binding pocket than the mouse enzyme and accommodates the peptide Ser-Cys-Cys-Ser(ox) in a cis conformation that allows for the protonation of the leaving-group Cys by His464', which helps to explain why this TR can function without the need for Sec. In contrast, mTR3 shows a narrower pocket. One possible result of this narrower interface is that the mammalian redox-active tetrapeptide Gly-Cys-Sec-Gly may adopt a trans conformation for a better fit. This places the Sec residue farther away from the protonating histidine residue, but the lower pKa of Sec in comparison to that of Cys eliminates the need for Sec to be protonated.
Structural and biochemical studies reveal differences in the catalytic mechanisms of mammalian and Drosophila melanogaster thioredoxin reductases.,Eckenroth BE, Rould MA, Hondal RJ, Everse SJ Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 24;46(16):4694-705. Epub 2007 Mar 27. PMID:17385893[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kanzok SM, Fechner A, Bauer H, Ulschmid JK, Muller HM, Botella-Munoz J, Schneuwly S, Schirmer R, Becker K. Substitution of the thioredoxin system for glutathione reductase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):643-6. PMID:11158675 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5504.643
- ↑ Missirlis F, Phillips JP, Jackle H. Cooperative action of antioxidant defense systems in Drosophila. Curr Biol. 2001 Aug 21;11(16):1272-7. PMID:11525742
- ↑ Missirlis F, Ulschmid JK, Hirosawa-Takamori M, Gronke S, Schafer U, Becker K, Phillips JP, Jackle H. Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase variants encoded by a single Drosophila gene are both essential for viability. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):11521-6. Epub 2002 Jan 16. PMID:11796729 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111692200
- ↑ Eckenroth BE, Rould MA, Hondal RJ, Everse SJ. Structural and biochemical studies reveal differences in the catalytic mechanisms of mammalian and Drosophila melanogaster thioredoxin reductases. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 24;46(16):4694-705. Epub 2007 Mar 27. PMID:17385893 doi:10.1021/bi602394p
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