This old version of Proteopedia is provided for student assignments while the new version is undergoing repairs. Content and edits done in this old version of Proteopedia after March 1, 2026 will eventually be lost when it is retired in about June of 2026.

Apply for new accounts at the new Proteopedia. Your logins will work in both the old and new versions.

4keb

From Proteopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Jump to: navigation, search

Current revision

Human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with NADPH and 5-{3-[3-methoxy-5-(isoquin-5-yl)phenyl]but-1-yn-1-yl}6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine

Structural highlights

4keb is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.45Å
Ligands:	, ,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

DYR_HUMAN Defects in DHFR are the cause of megaloblastic anemia due to dihydrofolate reductase deficiency (DHFRD) [MIM:613839. DHFRD is an inborn error of metabolism, characterized by megaloblastic anemia and/or pancytopenia, severe cerebral folate deficiency, and cerebral tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Clinical features include variable neurologic symptoms, ranging from severe developmental delay and generalized seizures in infancy, to childhood absence epilepsy with learning difficulties, to lack of symptoms.^[1] ^[2]

Function

DYR_HUMAN Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFRL1.^[3] ^[4]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The pursuit of antimicrobial drugs that target dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) exploits differences in sequence and dynamics between the pathogenic and human enzymes. Here, we present five crystal structures of human DHFR bound to a new class of antimicrobial agents, the propargyl-linked antifolates (PLAs), with a range of potency (IC50 values of 0.045-1.07 muM) for human DHFR. These structures reveal that interactions between the ligands and Asn 64, Phe 31, and Phe 34 are important for increased affinity for human DHFR and that loop residues 58-64 undergo ligand-induced conformational changes. The utility of these structural studies was demonstrated through the design of three new ligands that reduce the number of contacts with Asn 64, Phe 31, and Phe 34. Synthesis and evaluation show that one of the designed inhibitors exhibits the lowest affinity for human DHFR of any of the PLAs (2.64 muM). Comparisons of structures of human and Staphylococcus aureus DHFR bound to the same PLA reveal a conformational change in the ligand that enhances interactions with residues Phe 92 (Val 115 in huDHFR) and Ile 50 (Ile 60 in huDHFR) in S. aureus DHFR, yielding selectivity. Likewise, comparisons of human and Candida glabrata DHFR bound to the same ligand show that hydrophobic interactions with residues Ile 121 and Phe 66 (Val 115 and Asn 64 in human DHFR) yield selective inhibitors. The identification of residue substitutions that are important for selectivity and the observation of active site flexibility will help guide antimicrobial antifolate development for the inhibition of pathogenic species.

Elucidating Features That Drive the Design of Selective Antifolates Using Crystal Structures of Human Dihydrofolate Reductase.,Lamb KM, G-Dayanandan N, Wright DL, Anderson AC Biochemistry. 2013 Oct 3. PMID:24053334^[5]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Banka S, Blom HJ, Walter J, Aziz M, Urquhart J, Clouthier CM, Rice GI, de Brouwer AP, Hilton E, Vassallo G, Will A, Smith DE, Smulders YM, Wevers RA, Steinfeld R, Heales S, Crow YJ, Pelletier JN, Jones S, Newman WG. Identification and characterization of an inborn error of metabolism caused by dihydrofolate reductase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Feb 11;88(2):216-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.004. PMID:21310276 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.004
↑ Cario H, Smith DE, Blom H, Blau N, Bode H, Holzmann K, Pannicke U, Hopfner KP, Rump EM, Ayric Z, Kohne E, Debatin KM, Smulders Y, Schwarz K. Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency due to a homozygous DHFR mutation causes megaloblastic anemia and cerebral folate deficiency leading to severe neurologic disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Feb 11;88(2):226-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.007. PMID:21310277 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.007
↑ Anderson DD, Quintero CM, Stover PJ. Identification of a de novo thymidylate biosynthesis pathway in mammalian mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 13;108(37):15163-8. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1103623108. Epub 2011 Aug 26. PMID:21876188 doi:10.1073/pnas.1103623108
↑ Klon AE, Heroux A, Ross LJ, Pathak V, Johnson CA, Piper JR, Borhani DW. Atomic structures of human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with NADPH and two lipophilic antifolates at 1.09 a and 1.05 a resolution. J Mol Biol. 2002 Jul 12;320(3):677-93. PMID:12096917
↑ Lamb KM, G-Dayanandan N, Wright DL, Anderson AC. Elucidating Features That Drive the Design of Selective Antifolates Using Crystal Structures of Human Dihydrofolate Reductase. Biochemistry. 2013 Oct 3. PMID:24053334 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi400852h

1 Structural highlights
2 Disease
3 Function
4 Publication Abstract from PubMed
5 See Also
6 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/4keb"

Categories: Homo sapiens | Large Structures | Anderson AC | Lamb KM

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 == Structural highlights ==
 <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4keb]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4KEB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4KEB FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=1QZ:6-ETHYL-5-{(3S)-3-[3-(ISOQUINOLIN-5-YL)-5-METHOXYPHENYL]BUT-1-YN-1-YL}PYRIMIDINE-2,4-DIAMINE'>1QZ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FOL:FOLIC+ACID'>FOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDP:NADPH+DIHYDRO-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NDP</scene></td></tr>
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.45&#8491;</td></tr>
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=1QZ:6-ETHYL-5-{(3S)-3-[3-(ISOQUINOLIN-5-YL)-5-METHOXYPHENYL]BUT-1-YN-1-YL}PYRIMIDINE-2,4-DIAMINE'>1QZ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FOL:FOLIC+ACID'>FOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDP:NADPH+DIHYDRO-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NDP</scene></td></tr>
 <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4keb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4keb OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4keb PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4keb RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4keb PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4keb ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>

4keb

From Proteopedia

Current revision

Human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with NADPH and 5-{3-[3-methoxy-5-(isoquin-5-yl)phenyl]but-1-yn-1-yl}6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine

Structural highlights

Disease

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

Toolbox