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| | ==Crystal structure of the Mer kinase domain in complex with a macrocyclic inhibitor== | | ==Crystal structure of the Mer kinase domain in complex with a macrocyclic inhibitor== |
| - | <StructureSection load='5u6c' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5u6c]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='5u6c' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5u6c]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5u6c]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5U6C OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5U6C FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5u6c]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5U6C OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5U6C FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=7YS:(10R)-7-amino-11-chloro-12-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,10,16-trimethyl-16,17-dihydro-1H-8,4-(azeno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one'>7YS</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5u6b|5u6b]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=7YS:(10R)-7-amino-11-chloro-12-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,10,16-trimethyl-16,17-dihydro-1H-8,4-(azeno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one'>7YS</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MERTK, MER ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5u6c FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5u6c OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5u6c PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5u6c RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5u6c PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5u6c ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_protein-tyrosine_kinase Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.1 2.7.10.1] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5u6c FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5u6c OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5u6c PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5u6c RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5u6c PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5u6c ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MERTK_HUMAN MERTK_HUMAN]] Defects in MERTK are the cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 38 (RP38) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613862 613862]]. RP38 is a retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well.<ref>PMID:11062461</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MERTK_HUMAN MERTK_HUMAN] Defects in MERTK are the cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 38 (RP38) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613862 613862]. RP38 is a retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well.<ref>PMID:11062461</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MERTK_HUMAN MERTK_HUMAN]] Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to several ligands including LGALS3, TUB, TULP1 or GAS6. Regulates many physiological processes including cell survival, migration, differentiation, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MERTK on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with GRB2 or PLCG2 and induces phosphorylation of MAPK1, MAPK2, FAK/PTK2 or RAC1. MERTK signaling plays a role in various processes such as macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregation, cytoskeleton reorganization and engulfment. Functions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a regulator of rod outer segments fragments phagocytosis. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response by activating STAT1, which selectively induces production of suppressors of cytokine signaling SOCS1 and SOCS3.<ref>PMID:17005688</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MERTK_HUMAN MERTK_HUMAN] Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to several ligands including LGALS3, TUB, TULP1 or GAS6. Regulates many physiological processes including cell survival, migration, differentiation, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MERTK on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with GRB2 or PLCG2 and induces phosphorylation of MAPK1, MAPK2, FAK/PTK2 or RAC1. MERTK signaling plays a role in various processes such as macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregation, cytoskeleton reorganization and engulfment. Functions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a regulator of rod outer segments fragments phagocytosis. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response by activating STAT1, which selectively induces production of suppressors of cytokine signaling SOCS1 and SOCS3.<ref>PMID:17005688</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 5u6c" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 5u6c" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Ferre, R A]] | + | [[Category: Ferre RA]] |
| - | [[Category: Gajiwala, K S]] | + | [[Category: Gajiwala KS]] |
| - | [[Category: Kinase inhibitor complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transferase-transferase inhibitor complex]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
MERTK_HUMAN Defects in MERTK are the cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 38 (RP38) [MIM:613862. RP38 is a retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well.[1]
Function
MERTK_HUMAN Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to several ligands including LGALS3, TUB, TULP1 or GAS6. Regulates many physiological processes including cell survival, migration, differentiation, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MERTK on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with GRB2 or PLCG2 and induces phosphorylation of MAPK1, MAPK2, FAK/PTK2 or RAC1. MERTK signaling plays a role in various processes such as macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregation, cytoskeleton reorganization and engulfment. Functions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a regulator of rod outer segments fragments phagocytosis. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response by activating STAT1, which selectively induces production of suppressors of cytokine signaling SOCS1 and SOCS3.[2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family consisting of Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) is one of the most recently identified RTK families. TAM receptors are upregulated postnatally and maintained at high levels in adults. They all play an important role in immunity, but Axl has also been implicated in cancer and therefore is a target in the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. However, of the three members of the TAM family, the Axl kinase domain is the only one that has so far eluded structure determination. To this end, using differential scanning fluorimetry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we show here that a lower stability and greater dynamic nature of the Axl kinase domain may account for its poor crystallizability. We present the first structural characterization of the Axl kinase domain in complex with a small molecule macrocyclic inhibitor. The Axl crystal structure revealed two distinct conformational states of the enzyme, providing a first glimpse of what an active TAM receptor kinase may look like, and suggesting a potential role for the juxtamembrane region in enzyme activity. We noted that the ATP/inhibitor binding sites of the TAM members closely resemble each other, posing a challenge for the design of a selective inhibitor. We propose that the differences in the conformational dynamics among the TAM family members could potentially be exploited to achieve inhibitor selectivity for targeted receptors.
The Axl Kinase Domain in Complex with a Macrocyclic Inhibitor Offers First Structural Insights into an Active TAM Receptor Kinase.,Gajiwala KS, Grodsky N, Bolanos B, Feng J, Ferre R, Timofeevski S, Xu M, Murray BW, Johnson TW, Stewart A J Biol Chem. 2017 Jul 19. pii: jbc.M116.771485. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.771485. PMID:28724631[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Gal A, Li Y, Thompson DA, Weir J, Orth U, Jacobson SG, Apfelstedt-Sylla E, Vollrath D. Mutations in MERTK, the human orthologue of the RCS rat retinal dystrophy gene, cause retinitis pigmentosa. Nat Genet. 2000 Nov;26(3):270-1. PMID:11062461 doi:10.1038/81555
- ↑ Shimojima M, Takada A, Ebihara H, Neumann G, Fujioka K, Irimura T, Jones S, Feldmann H, Kawaoka Y. Tyro3 family-mediated cell entry of Ebola and Marburg viruses. J Virol. 2006 Oct;80(20):10109-16. PMID:17005688 doi:80/20/10109
- ↑ Gajiwala KS, Grodsky N, Bolanos B, Feng J, Ferre R, Timofeevski S, Xu M, Murray BW, Johnson TW, Stewart A. The Axl Kinase Domain in Complex with a Macrocyclic Inhibitor Offers First Structural Insights into an Active TAM Receptor Kinase. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jul 19. pii: jbc.M116.771485. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.771485. PMID:28724631 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.771485
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