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Publication Abstract from PubMed

S-Palmitoylation is a reversible lipid post-translational modification that has been observed on mitochondrial proteins, but both the regulation and functional consequences of mitochondrial S-palmitoylation are poorly understood. Here, we show that perturbing the 'erasers' of S-palmitoylation, acyl protein thioesterases (APTs), with either pan-active inhibitors or a mitochondrial-targeted APT inhibitor, diminishes the antioxidant buffering capacity of mitochondria. Surprisingly, this effect was not mediated by the only known mitochondrial APT, but rather by a resident mitochondrial protein with no known endogenous function, ABHD10. We show that ABHD10 is a member of the APT family of regulatory proteins and identify peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5), a key antioxidant protein, as a target of ABHD10 S-depalmitoylase activity. We then find that ABHD10 regulates the S-palmitoylation status of the nucleophilic active site residue of PRDX5, providing a direct mechanistic connection between ABHD10-mediated S-depalmitoylation of PRDX5 and its antioxidant capacity.

ABHD10 is an S-depalmitoylase affecting redox homeostasis through peroxiredoxin-5.,Cao Y, Qiu T, Kathayat RS, Azizi SA, Thorne AK, Ahn D, Fukata Y, Fukata M, Rice PA, Dickinson BC Nat Chem Biol. 2019 Dec;15(12):1232-1240. doi: 10.1038/s41589-019-0399-y. Epub, 2019 Nov 18. PMID:31740833^[1]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.