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| | <StructureSection load='6oak' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6oak]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.70Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='6oak' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6oak]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.70Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6oak]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6OAK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6OAK FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6oak]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6OAK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6OAK FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=M0M:(8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]sulfanyl}-6-sulfanylidene-1,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-purin-2-one'>M0M</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.7Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CME:S,S-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)THIOCYSTEINE'>CME</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CME:S,S-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)THIOCYSTEINE'>CME</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=M0M:(8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]sulfanyl}-6-sulfanylidene-1,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-purin-2-one'>M0M</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[6o9x|6o9x]], [[6o9y|6o9y]], [[6oa0|6oa0]], [[6oa1|6oa1]], [[6oa3|6oa3]]</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6oak FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6oak OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6oak PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6oak RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6oak PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6oak ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PARG ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(ADP-ribose)_glycohydrolase Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.2.1.143 3.2.1.143] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6oak FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6oak OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6oak PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6oak RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6oak PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6oak ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PARG_HUMAN PARG_HUMAN]] Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized after DNA damage is only present transiently and is rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. PARG acts both as an endo- and exoglycosidase, releasing PAR of different length as well as ADP-ribose monomers. Required for retinoid acid-dependent gene transactivation, probably by dePARsylating histone demethylase KDM4D, allowing chromatin derepression at RAR-dependent gene promoters.<ref>PMID:23102699</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PARG_HUMAN PARG_HUMAN] Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized after DNA damage is only present transiently and is rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. PARG acts both as an endo- and exoglycosidase, releasing PAR of different length as well as ADP-ribose monomers. Required for retinoid acid-dependent gene transactivation, probably by dePARsylating histone demethylase KDM4D, allowing chromatin derepression at RAR-dependent gene promoters.<ref>PMID:23102699</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 6oak" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 6oak" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase 3D structures|Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Ahmed, Z]] | + | [[Category: Ahmed Z]] |
| - | [[Category: Brosey, C A]] | + | [[Category: Brosey CA]] |
| - | [[Category: Tainer, J A]] | + | [[Category: Tainer JA]] |
| - | [[Category: Warden, S]] | + | [[Category: Warden S]] |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
PARG_HUMAN Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized after DNA damage is only present transiently and is rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. PARG acts both as an endo- and exoglycosidase, releasing PAR of different length as well as ADP-ribose monomers. Required for retinoid acid-dependent gene transactivation, probably by dePARsylating histone demethylase KDM4D, allowing chromatin derepression at RAR-dependent gene promoters.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation (PARylation) by PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARylation removal by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) critically regulate DNA damage responses; yet, conflicting reports obscure PARG biology and its impact on cancer cell resistance to PARP1 inhibitors. Here, we found that PARG expression is upregulated in many cancers. We employed chemical library screening to identify and optimize methylxanthine derivatives as selective bioavailable PARG inhibitors. Multiple crystal structures reveal how substituent positions on the methylxanthine core dictate binding modes and inducible-complementarity with a PARG-specific tyrosine clasp and arginine switch, supporting inhibitor specificity and a competitive inhibition mechanism. Cell-based assays show selective PARG inhibition and PARP1 hyperPARylation. Moreover, our PARG inhibitor sensitizes cells to radiation-induced DNA damage, suppresses replication fork progression and impedes cancer cell survival. In PARP inhibitor-resistant A172 glioblastoma cells, our PARG inhibitor shows comparable killing to Nedaplatin, providing further proof-of-concept that selectively inhibiting PARG can impair cancer cell survival.
Selective small molecule PARG inhibitor causes replication fork stalling and cancer cell death.,Houl JH, Ye Z, Brosey CA, Balapiti-Modarage LPF, Namjoshi S, Bacolla A, Laverty D, Walker BL, Pourfarjam Y, Warden LS, Babu Chinnam N, Moiani D, Stegeman RA, Chen MK, Hung MC, Nagel ZD, Ellenberger T, Kim IK, Jones DE, Ahmed Z, Tainer JA Nat Commun. 2019 Dec 11;10(1):5654. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13508-4. PMID:31827085[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Le May N, Iltis I, Ame JC, Zhovmer A, Biard D, Egly JM, Schreiber V, Coin F. Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase regulates retinoic acid receptor-mediated gene expression. Mol Cell. 2012 Dec 14;48(5):785-98. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.021. Epub 2012 , Oct 25. PMID:23102699 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.021
- ↑ Houl JH, Ye Z, Brosey CA, Balapiti-Modarage LPF, Namjoshi S, Bacolla A, Laverty D, Walker BL, Pourfarjam Y, Warden LS, Babu Chinnam N, Moiani D, Stegeman RA, Chen MK, Hung MC, Nagel ZD, Ellenberger T, Kim IK, Jones DE, Ahmed Z, Tainer JA. Selective small molecule PARG inhibitor causes replication fork stalling and cancer cell death. Nat Commun. 2019 Dec 11;10(1):5654. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13508-4. PMID:31827085 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13508-4
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