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| | <StructureSection load='6u2f' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6u2f]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.94Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='6u2f' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6u2f]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.94Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6u2f]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6U2F OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6U2F FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6u2f]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_construct Synthetic construct]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6U2F OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6U2F FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.94Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HRG:L-HOMOARGININE'>HRG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PQG:'>PQG</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HRG:L-HOMOARGININE'>HRG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PQG:cis-1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic+acid'>PQG</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PCSK9, NARC1, PSEC0052 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6u2f FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6u2f OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6u2f PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6u2f RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6u2f PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6u2f ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6u2f FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6u2f OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6u2f PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6u2f RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6u2f PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6u2f ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| - | == Disease == | |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PCSK9_HUMAN PCSK9_HUMAN]] Defects in PCSK9 are the cause of hypercholesterolemia autosomal dominant type 3 (HCHOLA3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603776 603776]]. A familial condition characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either low-density lipoproteins alone or also in very-low-density lipoproteins.<ref>PMID:12730697</ref> | |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PCSK9_HUMAN PCSK9_HUMAN]] Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of LDLR from endosomes to the cell surface or direct it to lysosomes for degradation. Can induce ubiquitination of LDLR leading to its subsequent degradation. Inhibits intracellular degradation of APOB via the autophagosome/lysosome pathway in a LDLR-independent manner. Involved in the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of BACE1 in the early secretory pathway. Inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-mediated Na(+) absorption by reducing ENaC surface expression primarily by increasing its proteasomal degradation. Regulates neuronal apoptosis via modulation of LRP8/APOER2 levels and related anti-apoptotic signaling pathways.<ref>PMID:17461796</ref> <ref>PMID:18197702</ref> <ref>PMID:18660751</ref> <ref>PMID:18039658</ref> <ref>PMID:22074827</ref> <ref>PMID:22580899</ref> <ref>PMID:22493497</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0U5BC76_MOUSE A0A0U5BC76_MOUSE] |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 6u2f" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 6u2f" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[PCSK9|PCSK9]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]] | + | [[Category: Mus musculus]] |
| - | [[Category: Kirchhofer, D]] | + | [[Category: Synthetic construct]] |
| - | [[Category: Ultsch, M H]] | + | [[Category: Kirchhofer D]] |
| - | [[Category: Complex]] | + | [[Category: Ultsch MH]] |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor-immune system complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Inhibitor]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
A0A0U5BC76_MOUSE
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) has become an important therapeutic target for lipid lowering, since it regulates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels by binding to liver LDL receptors (LDLR) and effecting their intracellular degradation. However, the development of small molecule inhibitors is hampered by the lack of attractive PCSK9 target sites. We recently discovered helical peptides that are able to bind to a cryptic groove site on PCSK9, which is situated in proximity to the main LDLR binding site. Here, we designed potent bipartite PCSK9 inhibitors by appending organic moieties to a helical groove-binding peptide to reach a hydrophobic pocket in the proximal LDLR binding region. The ultimately designed 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl extension improved the peptide affinity by >100-fold, yielding organo-peptide antagonists that potently inhibited PCSK9 binding to LDLR and preserved cellular LDLR. These new bipartite antagonists have reduced mass and improved potency compared to the first-generation peptide antagonists, further validating the PCSK9 groove as a viable therapeutic target site.
Design of Organo-Peptides As Bipartite PCSK9 Antagonists.,Burdick DJ, Skelton NJ, Ultsch M, Beresini MH, Eigenbrot C, Li W, Zhang Y, Nguyen H, Kong-Beltran M, Quinn JG, Kirchhofer D ACS Chem Biol. 2020 Jan 30. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00899. PMID:31962046[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Burdick DJ, Skelton NJ, Ultsch M, Beresini MH, Eigenbrot C, Li W, Zhang Y, Nguyen H, Kong-Beltran M, Quinn JG, Kirchhofer D. Design of Organo-Peptides As Bipartite PCSK9 Antagonists. ACS Chem Biol. 2020 Jan 30. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00899. PMID:31962046 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.9b00899
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