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| | <StructureSection load='6v74' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6v74]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.32Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='6v74' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6v74]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.32Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6v74]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6V74 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6V74 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6v74]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6V74 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6V74 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=144:TRIS-HYDROXYMETHYL-METHYL-AMMONIUM'>144</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ASN:ASPARAGINE'>ASN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FBP:BETA-FRUCTOSE-1,6-DIPHOSPHATE'>FBP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OXL:OXALATE+ION'>OXL</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.32Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PKM, OIP3, PK2, PK3, PKM2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=144:TRIS-HYDROXYMETHYL-METHYL-AMMONIUM'>144</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ASN:ASPARAGINE'>ASN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FBP:BETA-FRUCTOSE-1,6-DIPHOSPHATE'>FBP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OXL:OXALATE+ION'>OXL</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinase Pyruvate kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.1.40 2.7.1.40] </span></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6v74 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6v74 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6v74 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6v74 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6v74 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6v74 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6v74 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6v74 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6v74 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6v74 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6v74 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6v74 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KPYM_HUMAN KPYM_HUMAN]] Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio betwween the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival.<ref>PMID:17308100</ref> <ref>PMID:18191611</ref> <ref>PMID:21620138</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KPYM_HUMAN KPYM_HUMAN] Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio betwween the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival.<ref>PMID:17308100</ref> <ref>PMID:18191611</ref> <ref>PMID:21620138</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 6v74" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | | <div class="pdbe-citations 6v74" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Pyruvate kinase 3D structures|Pyruvate kinase 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Pyruvate kinase]]
| + | [[Category: Dey M]] |
| - | [[Category: Dey, M]] | + | [[Category: Nandi S]] |
| - | [[Category: Nandi, S]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Amino acid binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Glycolytic enzyme]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Tetramer]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transferase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
6v74 is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.32Å |
| Ligands: | , , , , , , , |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
KPYM_HUMAN Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio betwween the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival.[1] [2] [3]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme involved in ATP generation and critical for cancer metabolism. PKM2 is expressed in many human cancers and is regulated by complex mechanisms that promote tumor growth and proliferation. Therefore, it is considered an attractive therapeutic target for modulating tumor metabolism. Various stimuli allosterically regulate PKM2 by cycling it between highly active and less active states. Several small molecules activate PKM2 by binding to its intersubunit interface. Serine and cysteine serve as an activator and inhibitor of PKM2, respectively, by binding to its amino acid (AA)-binding pocket, which therefore represents a potential druggable site. Despite binding similarly to PKM2, how cysteine and serine differentially regulate this enzyme remains elusive. Using kinetic analyses, fluorescence binding, X-ray crystallography, and gel filtration experiments with asparagine, aspartate, and valine as PKM2 ligands, we examined whether the differences in the side-chain polarity of these AAs trigger distinct allosteric responses in PKM2. We found that Asn (polar) and Asp (charged) activate PKM2 and that Val (hydrophobic) inhibits it. The results also indicate that both Asn and Asp can restore the activity of Val-inhibited PKM2. AA-bound crystal structures of PKM2 displayed distinctive interactions within the binding pocket, causing unique allosteric effects in the enzyme. These structure-function analyses of AA-mediated PKM2 regulation shed light on the chemical requirements in the development of mechanism-based small-molecule modulators targeting the AA-binding pocket of PKM2 and provide broader insights into the regulatory mechanisms of complex allosteric enzymes.
Biochemical and structural insights into how amino acids regulate pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2.,Nandi S, Dey M J Biol Chem. 2020 Apr 17;295(16):5390-5403. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.013030. Epub, 2020 Mar 6. PMID:32144209[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Stetak A, Veress R, Ovadi J, Csermely P, Keri G, Ullrich A. Nuclear translocation of the tumor marker pyruvate kinase M2 induces programmed cell death. Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;67(4):1602-8. PMID:17308100 doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2870
- ↑ Lee J, Kim HK, Han YM, Kim J. Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) interacts and cooperates with Oct-4 in regulating transcription. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(5):1043-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.11.009., Epub 2007 Nov 29. PMID:18191611 doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2007.11.009
- ↑ Luo W, Hu H, Chang R, Zhong J, Knabel M, O'Meally R, Cole RN, Pandey A, Semenza GL. Pyruvate kinase M2 is a PHD3-stimulated coactivator for hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Cell. 2011 May 27;145(5):732-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.054. PMID:21620138 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.054
- ↑ Nandi S, Dey M. Biochemical and structural insights into how amino acids regulate pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2. J Biol Chem. 2020 Apr 17;295(16):5390-5403. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.013030. Epub, 2020 Mar 6. PMID:32144209 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013030
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