7s2y
From Proteopedia
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==SAMHD1 HD domain bound to CNDAC== | ==SAMHD1 HD domain bound to CNDAC== | ||
| - | <StructureSection load='7s2y' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7s2y]]' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='7s2y' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7s2y]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> |
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7S2Y OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7S2Y FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7s2y]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7S2Y OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7S2Y FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7s2y FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7s2y OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7s2y PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7s2y RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7s2y PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7s2y ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8Å</td></tr> |
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=85T:4-amino-1-{2-cyano-2-deoxy-5-O-[(S)-hydroxy{[(S)-hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}phosphoryl]-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl}pyrimidin-2(1H)-one'>85T</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DTP:2-DEOXYADENOSINE+5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>DTP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GTP:GUANOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>GTP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr> | ||
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7s2y FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7s2y OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7s2y PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7s2y RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7s2y PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7s2y ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| + | == Disease == | ||
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SAMH1_HUMAN SAMH1_HUMAN] Defects in SAMHD1 are the cause of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome type 5 (AGS5) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612952 612952]. A form of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by cerebral atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications, chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis, increased CSF alpha-interferon, and negative serologic investigations for common prenatal infection. Clinical features as thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated hepatic transaminases along with intermittent fever may erroneously suggest an infective process. Severe neurological dysfunctions manifest in infancy as progressive microcephaly, spasticity, dystonic posturing and profound psychomotor retardation. Death often occurs in early childhood.<ref>PMID:19525956</ref> <ref>PMID:20842748</ref> Defects in SAMHD1 are the cause of chilblain lupus type 2 (CHBL2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614415 614415]. A rare cutaneous form of lupus erythematosus. Affected individuals present with painful bluish-red papular or nodular lesions of the skin in acral locations precipitated by cold and wet exposure at temperatures less than 10 degrees centigrade.<ref>PMID:21204240</ref> | ||
| + | == Function == | ||
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SAMH1_HUMAN SAMH1_HUMAN] Putative nuclease involved in innate immune response by acting as a negative regulator of the cell-intrinsic antiviral response. May play a role in mediating proinflammatory responses to TNF-alpha signaling.<ref>PMID:18546154</ref> <ref>PMID:19525956</ref> | ||
| + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | ||
| + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | ||
| + | BACKGROUND: SAMHD1 mediates resistance to anti-cancer nucleoside analogues, including cytarabine, decitabine, and nelarabine that are commonly used for the treatment of leukaemia, through cleavage of their triphosphorylated forms. Hence, SAMHD1 inhibitors are promising candidates for the sensitisation of leukaemia cells to nucleoside analogue-based therapy. Here, we investigated the effects of the cytosine analogue CNDAC, which has been proposed to be a SAMHD1 inhibitor, in the context of SAMHD1. METHODS: CNDAC was tested in 13 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines, in 26 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cell lines, ten AML sublines adapted to various antileukaemic drugs, 24 single cell-derived clonal AML sublines, and primary leukaemic blasts from 24 AML patients. Moreover, 24 CNDAC-resistant sublines of the AML cell lines HL-60 and PL-21 were established. The SAMHD1 gene was disrupted using CRISPR/Cas9 and SAMHD1 depleted using RNAi, and the viral Vpx protein. Forced DCK expression was achieved by lentiviral transduction. SAMHD1 promoter methylation was determined by PCR after treatment of genomic DNA with the methylation-sensitive HpaII endonuclease. Nucleoside (analogue) triphosphate levels were determined by LC-MS/MS. CNDAC interaction with SAMHD1 was analysed by an enzymatic assay and by crystallisation. RESULTS: Although the cytosine analogue CNDAC was anticipated to inhibit SAMHD1, SAMHD1 mediated intrinsic CNDAC resistance in leukaemia cells. Accordingly, SAMHD1 depletion increased CNDAC triphosphate (CNDAC-TP) levels and CNDAC toxicity. Enzymatic assays and crystallisation studies confirmed CNDAC-TP to be a SAMHD1 substrate. In 24 CNDAC-adapted acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) sublines, resistance was driven by DCK (catalyses initial nucleoside phosphorylation) loss. CNDAC-adapted sublines displayed cross-resistance only to other DCK substrates (e.g. cytarabine, decitabine). Cell lines adapted to drugs not affected by DCK or SAMHD1 remained CNDAC sensitive. In cytarabine-adapted AML cells, increased SAMHD1 and reduced DCK levels contributed to cytarabine and CNDAC resistance. CONCLUSION: Intrinsic and acquired resistance to CNDAC and related nucleoside analogues are driven by different mechanisms. The lack of cross-resistance between SAMHD1/ DCK substrates and non-substrates provides scope for next-line therapies after treatment failure. | ||
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| + | Differences between intrinsic and acquired nucleoside analogue resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia cells.,Rothenburger T, Thomas D, Schreiber Y, Wratil PR, Pflantz T, Knecht K, Digianantonio K, Temple J, Schneider C, Baldauf HM, McLaughlin KM, Rothweiler F, Bilen B, Farmand S, Bojkova D, Costa R, Ferreiros N, Geisslinger G, Oellerich T, Xiong Y, Keppler OT, Wass MN, Michaelis M, Cinatl J Jr J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Oct 12;40(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02093-4. PMID:34641952<ref>PMID:34641952</ref> | ||
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| + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div class="pdbe-citations 7s2y" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | ||
| + | == References == | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
| + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: Large Structures]] | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
[[Category: Digianantonio KM]] | [[Category: Digianantonio KM]] | ||
[[Category: Xiong Y]] | [[Category: Xiong Y]] | ||
Current revision
SAMHD1 HD domain bound to CNDAC
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