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| | ==Non-reducible analogues of alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1: [2,8]-trans dicarba Vc1.1== | | ==Non-reducible analogues of alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1: [2,8]-trans dicarba Vc1.1== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2mfy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2mfy]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2mfy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2mfy]]' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2mfy]] is a 1 chain structure. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2MFY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2MFY FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2mfy]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus_victoriae Conus victoriae]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2MFY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2MFY FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ABA:ALPHA-AMINOBUTYRIC+ACID'>ABA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2mfx|2mfx]], [[2mg6|2mg6]]</div></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ABA:ALPHA-AMINOBUTYRIC+ACID'>ABA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr> |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2mfy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2mfy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2mfy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2mfy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2mfy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2mfy ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2mfy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2mfy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2mfy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2mfy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2mfy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2mfy ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CA1A_CONVC CA1A_CONVC]] Alpha-conotoxins act on postsynaptic membranes, they bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and thus inhibit them. This synthetic peptide (produced without hydroxyproline, nor 4-carboxyglutamate) is a neuronal nAChR antagonist that acts as a powerful analgesic. It blocks nAChRs composed of alpha-3 or -5/beta-2 (IC(50)=7.2 uM), alpha-3/beta-2 (IC(50)=7.3 uM), alpha-3/beta-4 (IC(50)=4.2 uM), alpha-3 or -5/beta-4 (IC(50)<30 uM), alpha-4/beta-2 (IC(50)<30 uM), alpha-4/beta-4 (IC(50)<30 uM) and alpha/beta/gamma/delta (IC(50)<30 uM) subunits.<ref>PMID:12779345</ref> <ref>PMID:15770155</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CA1A_CONVC CA1A_CONVC] Alpha-conotoxins act on postsynaptic membranes, they bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and thus inhibit them. This synthetic peptide (produced without hydroxyproline, nor 4-carboxyglutamate) is a neuronal nAChR antagonist that acts as a powerful analgesic. It blocks nAChRs composed of alpha-3 or -5/beta-2 (IC(50)=7.2 uM), alpha-3/beta-2 (IC(50)=7.3 uM), alpha-3/beta-4 (IC(50)=4.2 uM), alpha-3 or -5/beta-4 (IC(50)<30 uM), alpha-4/beta-2 (IC(50)<30 uM), alpha-4/beta-4 (IC(50)<30 uM) and alpha/beta/gamma/delta (IC(50)<30 uM) subunits.<ref>PMID:12779345</ref> <ref>PMID:15770155</ref> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | + | [[Category: Conus victoriae]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Lierop, B J.Van]]
| + | [[Category: Macraild CA]] |
| - | [[Category: Macraild, C A]] | + | [[Category: Norton RS]] |
| - | [[Category: Norton, R S]] | + | [[Category: Robinson AJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Robinson, A J]] | + | [[Category: Robinson SD]] |
| - | [[Category: Robinson, S D]] | + | [[Category: Van Lierop BJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Dicarba]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Toxin]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
CA1A_CONVC Alpha-conotoxins act on postsynaptic membranes, they bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and thus inhibit them. This synthetic peptide (produced without hydroxyproline, nor 4-carboxyglutamate) is a neuronal nAChR antagonist that acts as a powerful analgesic. It blocks nAChRs composed of alpha-3 or -5/beta-2 (IC(50)=7.2 uM), alpha-3/beta-2 (IC(50)=7.3 uM), alpha-3/beta-4 (IC(50)=4.2 uM), alpha-3 or -5/beta-4 (IC(50)<30 uM), alpha-4/beta-2 (IC(50)<30 uM), alpha-4/beta-4 (IC(50)<30 uM) and alpha/beta/gamma/delta (IC(50)<30 uM) subunits.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Conotoxins have emerged as useful leads for the development of novel therapeutic analgesics. These peptides, isolated from marine molluscs of the genus Conus, have evolved exquisite selectivity for receptors and ion channels of excitable tissue. One such peptide, alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1, is a 16-mer possessing an interlocked disulfide framework. Despite its emergence as a potent analgesic lead, the molecular target and mechanism of action of Vc1.1 have not been elucidated to date. In this paper we describe the regioselective synthesis of dicarba analogues of Vc1.1 using olefin metathesis. The ability of these peptides to inhibit acetylcholine-evoked current at rat alpha9alpha10 and alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) expressed in Xenopus oocytes has been assessed in addition to their ability to inhibit high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel current in isolated rat DRG neurons. Their solution structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Significantly, we have found that regioselective replacement of the native cystine framework with a dicarba bridge can be used to selectively tune the cyclic peptide's innate biological activity for one receptor over another. The 2,8-dicarba Vc1.1 isomer retains activity at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAB) G protein-coupled receptors, whereas the isomeric 3,16-dicarba Vc1.1 peptide retains activity at the alpha9alpha10 nAChR subtype. These singularly acting analogues will enable the elucidation of the biological target responsible for the peptide's potent analgesic activity.
Dicarba alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1 analogues with differential selectivity for nicotinic acetylcholine and GABAB receptors.,van Lierop BJ, Robinson SD, Kompella SN, Belgi A, McArthur JR, Hung A, MacRaild CA, Adams DJ, Norton RS, Robinson AJ ACS Chem Biol. 2013 Aug 16;8(8):1815-21. doi: 10.1021/cb4002393. Epub 2013 Jun, 17. PMID:23768016[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Sandall DW, Satkunanathan N, Keays DA, Polidano MA, Liping X, Pham V, Down JG, Khalil Z, Livett BG, Gayler KR. A novel alpha-conotoxin identified by gene sequencing is active in suppressing the vascular response to selective stimulation of sensory nerves in vivo. Biochemistry. 2003 Jun 10;42(22):6904-11. PMID:12779345 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi034043e
- ↑ Lang PM, Burgstahler R, Haberberger RV, Sippel W, Grafe P. A conus peptide blocks nicotinic receptors of unmyelinated axons in human nerves. Neuroreport. 2005 Apr 4;16(5):479-83. PMID:15770155
- ↑ van Lierop BJ, Robinson SD, Kompella SN, Belgi A, McArthur JR, Hung A, MacRaild CA, Adams DJ, Norton RS, Robinson AJ. Dicarba alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1 analogues with differential selectivity for nicotinic acetylcholine and GABAB receptors. ACS Chem Biol. 2013 Aug 16;8(8):1815-21. doi: 10.1021/cb4002393. Epub 2013 Jun, 17. PMID:23768016 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cb4002393
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