7opn

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==Human Aldehyde Oxidase SNP R1231H in complex with Raloxifene==
==Human Aldehyde Oxidase SNP R1231H in complex with Raloxifene==
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<StructureSection load='7opn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7opn]]' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='7opn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7opn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7OPN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7OPN FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7opn]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7OPN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7OPN FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7opn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7opn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7opn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7opn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7opn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7opn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.6&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FES:FE2/S2+(INORGANIC)+CLUSTER'>FES</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MLI:MALONATE+ION'>MLI</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MOS:DIOXOTHIOMOLYBDENUM(VI)+ION'>MOS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MTE:PHOSPHONIC+ACIDMONO-(2-AMINO-5,6-DIMERCAPTO-4-OXO-3,7,8A,9,10,10A-HEXAHYDRO-4H-8-OXA-1,3,9,10-TETRAAZA-ANTHRACEN-7-YLMETHYL)ESTER'>MTE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PG6:1-(2-METHOXY-ETHOXY)-2-{2-[2-(2-METHOXY-ETHOXY]-ETHOXY}-ETHANE'>PG6</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=RAL:RALOXIFENE'>RAL</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7opn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7opn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7opn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7opn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7opn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7opn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AOXA_HUMAN AOXA_HUMAN] Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and N-methylphthalazinium, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with NADH or aldehyde as electron donor. May play a role in adipogenesis.<ref>PMID:20444863</ref> <ref>PMID:22031625</ref> <ref>PMID:22279051</ref> <ref>PMID:22522748</ref> <ref>PMID:22996261</ref> <ref>PMID:23857892</ref> <ref>PMID:7786031</ref> <ref>PMID:9224775</ref>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX1) is mainly present in the liver and has an emerging role in drug metabolism, since it accepts a wide range of molecules as substrates and inhibitors. Herein, we employed an integrative approach by combining NMR, X-ray crystallography, and enzyme inhibition kinetics to understand the inhibition modes of three hAOX1 inhibitors-thioridazine, benzamidine, and raloxifene. These integrative data indicate that thioridazine is a noncompetitive inhibitor, while benzamidine presents a mixed type of inhibition. Additionally, we describe the first crystal structure of hAOX1 in complex with raloxifene. Raloxifene binds tightly at the entrance of the substrate tunnel, stabilizing the flexible entrance gates and elucidating an unusual substrate-dependent mechanism of inhibition with potential impact on drug-drug interactions. This study can be considered as a proof-of-concept for an efficient experimental screening of prospective substrates and inhibitors of hAOX1 relevant in drug discovery.
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Interrogating the Inhibition Mechanisms of Human Aldehyde Oxidase by X-ray Crystallography and NMR Spectroscopy: The Raloxifene Case.,Mota C, Diniz A, Coelho C, Santos-Silva T, Esmaeeli M, Leimkuhler S, Cabrita EJ, Marcelo F, Romao MJ J Med Chem. 2021 Sep 9;64(17):13025-13037. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01125., Epub 2021 Aug 20. PMID:34415167<ref>PMID:34415167</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7opn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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== References ==
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<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Coelho C]]
[[Category: Coelho C]]

Current revision

Human Aldehyde Oxidase SNP R1231H in complex with Raloxifene

PDB ID 7opn

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