3r24

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<StructureSection load='3r24' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3r24]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3r24' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3r24]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3r24]] is a 2 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3R24 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3R24 FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3r24]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3R24 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3R24 FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SAM:S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE'>SAM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SAM:S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE'>SAM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3r24 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3r24 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3r24 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3r24 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3r24 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3r24 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3r24 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3r24 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3r24 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3r24 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3r24 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3r24 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
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[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1AB_CVHSA R1AB_CVHSA]] The replicase polyprotein of coronaviruses is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products (By similarity).<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> The papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) is responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF-3.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> The main proteinase 3CL-PRO is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Inhibited by the substrate-analog Cbz-Val-Asn-Ser-Thr-Leu-Gln-CMK (By similarity). Also contains an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP)-binding function.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> The helicase which contains a zinc finger structure displays RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Its ATPase activity is strongly stimulated by poly(U), poly(dT), poly(C), poly(dA), but not by poly(G). Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> The exoribonuclease acts on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> Nsp7-nsp8 hexadecamer may possibly confer processivity to the polymerase, maybe by binding to dsRNA or by producing primers utilized by the latter.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> Nsp9 is a ssRNA-binding protein.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> NendoU is a Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1A_CVHSA R1A_CVHSA]] The papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) is responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF-3.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> The main proteinase 3CL-PRO is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Inhibited by the substrate-analog Cbz-Val-Asn-Ser-Thr-Leu-Gln-CMK (By similarity). Also contains an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP)-binding function.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> Nsp7-nsp8 hexadecamer may possibly confer processivity to the polymerase, maybe by binding to dsRNA or by producing primers utilized by the latter.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> Nsp9 is a ssRNA-binding protein.<ref>PMID:17024178</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref>
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1AB_SARS R1AB_SARS] Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein. Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (PubMed:23035226). May disrupt nuclear pore function by binding and displacing host NUP93 (PubMed:30943371).<ref>PMID:23035226</ref> <ref>PMID:30943371</ref> May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses.<ref>PMID:19640993</ref> Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates (PubMed:17692280). Plays a role in host membrane rearrangement that leads to creation of cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles (DMV) necessary for viral replication. Nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 together are sufficient to form DMV (PubMed:24410069). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (PubMed:19369340, PubMed:24622840). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling.<ref>PMID:16271890</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> <ref>PMID:24622840</ref> <ref>PMID:24410069</ref> Plays a role in host membrane rearrangement that leads to creation of cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles (DMV) necessary for viral replication. Alone appears incapable to induce membrane curvature, but together with nsp3 is able to induce paired membranes. Nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 together are sufficient to form DMV.<ref>PMID:23943763</ref> <ref>PMID:24410069</ref> Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP). May cleave host ATP6V1G1 thereby modifying host vacuoles intracellular pH.[PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00772]<ref>PMID:16226257</ref> Plays a role in host membrane rearrangement that leads to creation of cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles (DMV) necessary for viral replication. Nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 together are sufficient to form DMV (PubMed:24410069). Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes (PubMed:24991833).<ref>PMID:24991833</ref> <ref>PMID:24410069</ref> Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.<ref>PMID:22039154</ref> Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.<ref>PMID:22039154</ref> May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein.<ref>PMID:19153232</ref> Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation.<ref>PMID:22635272</ref> Responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome.<ref>PMID:22791111</ref> Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium.<ref>PMID:12917423</ref> <ref>PMID:22615777</ref> Enzyme possessing two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity (PubMed:16549795, PubMed:20421945, PubMed:22635272). Acts as a proofreading exoribonuclease for RNA replication, thereby lowering The sensitivity of the virus to RNA mutagens (PubMed:23966862, PubMed:29511076, PubMed:21593585).<ref>PMID:16549795</ref> <ref>PMID:20421945</ref> <ref>PMID:21593585</ref> <ref>PMID:22635272</ref> <ref>PMID:23966862</ref> <ref>PMID:29511076</ref> Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond. Methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which is essential to evade immune system.<ref>PMID:18417574</ref> <ref>PMID:20421945</ref>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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The 5'-cap structure is a distinct feature of eukaryotic mRNAs, and eukaryotic viruses generally modify the 5'-end of viral RNAs to mimic cellular mRNA structure, which is important for RNA stability, protein translation and viral immune escape. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes two S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTase) which sequentially methylate the RNA cap at guanosine-N7 and ribose 2'-O positions, catalyzed by nsp14 N7-MTase and nsp16 2'-O-MTase, respectively. A unique feature for SARS-CoV is that nsp16 requires non-structural protein nsp10 as a stimulatory factor to execute its MTase activity. Here we report the biochemical characterization of SARS-CoV 2'-O-MTase and the crystal structure of nsp16/nsp10 complex bound with methyl donor SAM. We found that SARS-CoV nsp16 MTase methylated m7GpppA-RNA but not m7GpppG-RNA, which is in contrast with nsp14 MTase that functions in a sequence-independent manner. We demonstrated that nsp10 is required for nsp16 to bind both m7GpppA-RNA substrate and SAM cofactor. Structural analysis revealed that nsp16 possesses the canonical scaffold of MTase and associates with nsp10 at 1ratio1 ratio. The structure of the nsp16/nsp10 interaction interface shows that nsp10 may stabilize the SAM-binding pocket and extend the substrate RNA-binding groove of nsp16, consistent with the findings in biochemical assays. These results suggest that nsp16/nsp10 interface may represent a better drug target than the viral MTase active site for developing highly specific anti-coronavirus drugs.
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Biochemical and structural insights into the mechanisms of SARS coronavirus RNA ribose 2'-O-methylation by nsp16/nsp10 protein complex.,Chen Y, Su C, Ke M, Jin X, Xu L, Zhang Z, Wu A, Sun Y, Yang Z, Tien P, Ahola T, Liang Y, Liu X, Guo D PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002294. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002294. Epub, 2011 Oct 13. PMID:22022266<ref>PMID:22022266</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3r24" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Chen, Y]]
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[[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]]
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[[Category: Guo, D]]
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[[Category: Chen Y]]
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[[Category: Liu, X]]
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[[Category: Guo D]]
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[[Category: Su, C]]
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[[Category: Liu X]]
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[[Category: Methyltransferase]]
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[[Category: Su C]]
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[[Category: Transferase]]
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[[Category: Viral protein]]
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[[Category: Zinc-finger]]
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Current revision

Crystal structure of nsp10/nsp16 complex of SARS coronavirus

PDB ID 3r24

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