4rfr

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Current revision (12:52, 1 March 2024) (edit) (undo)
 
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4rfr]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4RFR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4RFR FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4rfr]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4RFR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4RFR FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=RHN:4,5-DIHYDROXY-9,10-DIOXO-9,10-DIHYDROANTHRACENE-2-CARBOXYLIC+ACID'>RHN</scene></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.5&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=RHN:4,5-DIHYDROXY-9,10-DIOXO-9,10-DIHYDROANTHRACENE-2-CARBOXYLIC+ACID'>RHN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4rfr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4rfr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4rfr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4rfr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4rfr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4rfr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4rfr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4rfr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4rfr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4rfr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4rfr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4rfr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALKB_ECOLI ALKB_ECOLI] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 3-methylcytosine or 1-methyladenine by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards 3-methylcytosine. Has lower activity towards alkylated DNA containing ethenoadenine, and no detectable activity towards 1-methylguanine or 3-methylthymine. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Provides extensive resistance to alkylating agents such as MMS and DMS (SN2 agents), but not to MMNG and MNU (SN1 agents).<ref>PMID:12226668</ref> <ref>PMID:12594517</ref> <ref>PMID:16482161</ref> <ref>PMID:19706517</ref> <ref>PMID:21068844</ref> <ref>PMID:20084272</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALKB_ECOLI ALKB_ECOLI] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 3-methylcytosine or 1-methyladenine by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards 3-methylcytosine. Has lower activity towards alkylated DNA containing ethenoadenine, and no detectable activity towards 1-methylguanine or 3-methylthymine. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Provides extensive resistance to alkylating agents such as MMS and DMS (SN2 agents), but not to MMNG and MNU (SN1 agents).<ref>PMID:12226668</ref> <ref>PMID:12594517</ref> <ref>PMID:16482161</ref> <ref>PMID:19706517</ref> <ref>PMID:21068844</ref> <ref>PMID:20084272</ref>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
 
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The AlkB repair enzymes, including Escherichia coli AlkB and two human homologues, ALKBH2 and ALKBH3, are iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that efficiently repair N(1)-methyladenine and N(3)-methylcytosine methylated DNA damages. The development of small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes has seen less success. Here we have characterized a previously discovered natural product rhein and tested its ability to inhibit AlkB repair enzymes in vitro and to sensitize cells to methyl methane sulfonate that mainly produces N(1)-methyladenine and N(3)-methylcytosine lesions. Our investigation of the mechanism of rhein inhibition reveals that rhein binds to AlkB repair enzymes in vitro and promotes thermal stability in vivo In addition, we have determined a new structural complex of rhein bound to AlkB, which shows that rhein binds to a different part of the active site in AlkB than it binds to in fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). With the support of these observations, we put forth the hypothesis that AlkB repair enzymes would be effective pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
 
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Rhein Inhibits AlkB Repair Enzymes and Sensitizes Cells to Methylated DNA Damage.,Li Q, Huang Y, Liu X, Gan J, Chen H, Yang CG J Biol Chem. 2016 May 20;291(21):11083-93. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.711895. Epub, 2016 Mar 25. PMID:27015802<ref>PMID:27015802</ref>
 
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
 
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</div>
 
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<div class="pdbe-citations 4rfr" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 
==See Also==
==See Also==

Current revision

Complex structure of AlkB/rhein

PDB ID 4rfr

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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

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