7jl3

Structural highlights

Disease

RN135_HUMAN Overgrowth-macrocephaly-facial dysmorphism syndrome.

Function

RN135_HUMAN E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a RIGI coreceptor in the sensing of viral RNAs in cell cytoplasm and the activation of the antiviral innate immune response (PubMed:19017631, PubMed:19484123, PubMed:21147464, PubMed:23950712, PubMed:28469175, PubMed:31006531). Together with the UBE2D3, UBE2N and UB2V1 E2 ligases, catalyzes the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of RIGI oligomerized on viral RNAs, an essential step in the activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:19017631, PubMed:21147464, PubMed:28469175, PubMed:31006531). Through a ubiquitin-independent parallel mechanism, which consists in bridging RIGI filaments forming on longer viral RNAs, further activates the RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:31006531). This second mechanism that synergizes with the ubiquitin-dependent one would thereby allow an RNA length-dependent regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway (Probable). Associated with the E2 ligase UBE2N, also constitutively synthesizes unanchored 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains that may also activate the RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:28469175, PubMed:31006531).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

See Also

• Ubiquitin protein ligase 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Oshiumi H, Matsumoto M, Hatakeyama S, Seya T. Riplet/RNF135, a RING finger protein, ubiquitinates RIG-I to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 9;284(2):807-17. PMID:19017631 doi:10.1074/jbc.M804259200
2. ↑ Gao D, Yang YK, Wang RP, Zhou X, Diao FC, Li MD, Zhai ZH, Jiang ZF, Chen DY. REUL is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase and stimulator of retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I. PLoS One. 2009 Jun 1;4(6):e5760. PMID:19484123 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005760
3. ↑ Oshiumi H, Miyashita M, Inoue N, Okabe M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. The ubiquitin ligase Riplet is essential for RIG-I-dependent innate immune responses to RNA virus infection. Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Dec 16;8(6):496-509. PMID:21147464 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.11.008
4. ↑ Oshiumi H, Miyashita M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. A distinct role of Riplet-mediated K63-Linked polyubiquitination of the RIG-I repressor domain in human antiviral innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(8):e1003533. PMID:23950712 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003533
5. ↑ Shi Y, Yuan B, Zhu W, Zhang R, Li L, Hao X, Chen S, Hou F. Ube2D3 and Ube2N are essential for RIG-I-mediated MAVS aggregation in antiviral innate immunity. Nat Commun. 2017 May 4;8:15138. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15138. PMID:28469175 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15138
6. ↑ Cadena C, Ahmad S, Xavier A, Willemsen J, Park S, Park JW, Oh SW, Fujita T, Hou F, Binder M, Hur S. Ubiquitin-Dependent and -Independent Roles of E3 Ligase RIPLET in Innate Immunity. Cell. 2019 May 16;177(5):1187-1200.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.017. Epub , 2019 Apr 18. PMID:31006531 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.017
7. ↑ Cadena C, Ahmad S, Xavier A, Willemsen J, Park S, Park JW, Oh SW, Fujita T, Hou F, Binder M, Hur S. Ubiquitin-Dependent and -Independent Roles of E3 Ligase RIPLET in Innate Immunity. Cell. 2019 May 16;177(5):1187-1200.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.017. Epub , 2019 Apr 18. PMID:31006531 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.017