1e9n
From Proteopedia
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<StructureSection load='1e9n' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1e9n]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20Å' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='1e9n' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1e9n]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20Å' scene=''> | ||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1e9n]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1e9n]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1E9N OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1E9N FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id=' | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2Å</td></tr> |
| - | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PB:LEAD+(II)+ION'>PB</scene></td></tr> | |
| - | <tr id=' | + | |
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1e9n FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1e9n OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1e9n PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1e9n RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1e9n PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1e9n ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1e9n FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1e9n OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1e9n PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1e9n RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1e9n PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1e9n ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| + | == Function == | ||
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/APEX1_HUMAN APEX1_HUMAN] Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'-phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA.<ref>PMID:1719477</ref> <ref>PMID:12524539</ref> <ref>PMID:8355688</ref> <ref>PMID:8621488</ref> <ref>PMID:8932375</ref> <ref>PMID:9108029</ref> <ref>PMID:9207062</ref> <ref>PMID:9804799</ref> <ref>PMID:9560228</ref> <ref>PMID:10023679</ref> <ref>PMID:11118054</ref> <ref>PMID:11452037</ref> <ref>PMID:11832948</ref> <ref>PMID:11809897</ref> <ref>PMID:16617147</ref> <ref>PMID:18439621</ref> <ref>PMID:18809583</ref> <ref>PMID:18179823</ref> <ref>PMID:18579163</ref> <ref>PMID:19188445</ref> <ref>PMID:19401441</ref> <ref>PMID:19934257</ref> <ref>PMID:20699270</ref> <ref>PMID:21496894</ref> <ref>PMID:21762700</ref> | ||
== Evolutionary Conservation == | == Evolutionary Conservation == | ||
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | ||
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1e9n ConSurf]. | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1e9n ConSurf]. | ||
<div style="clear:both"></div> | <div style="clear:both"></div> | ||
| - | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | ||
| - | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | ||
| - | The major human abasic endonuclease, Ape1, is an essential DNA repair enzyme that initiates the removal of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites from DNA, excises 3' replication-blocking moieties, and modulates the DNA binding activity of several transcriptional regulators. We have determined the X-ray structure of the full-length human Ape1 enzyme in two new crystal forms, one at neutral and one at acidic pH. The new structures are generally similar to the previously determined structure of a truncated Ape1 protein, but differ in the conformation of several loop regions and in spans of residues with weak electron density. While only one active-site metal ion is present in the structure determined at low pH, the structure determined from a crystal grown at the pH optimum of Ape1 nuclease activity, pH 7.5, has two metal ions bound 5 A apart in the active site. Enzyme kinetic data indicate that at least two metal-binding sites are functionally important, since Ca(2+) exhibits complex stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the Mg(2+)-dependent catalysis of Ape1, even though Ca(2+) itself does not serve as a cofactor. In conjunction, the structural and kinetic data suggest that Ape1 catalyzes hydrolysis of the DNA backbone through a two metal ion-mediated mechanism. | ||
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| - | Two divalent metal ions in the active site of a new crystal form of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, Ape1: implications for the catalytic mechanism.,Beernink PT, Segelke BW, Hadi MZ, Erzberger JP, Wilson DM 3rd, Rupp B J Mol Biol. 2001 Apr 6;307(4):1023-34. PMID:11286553<ref>PMID:11286553</ref> | ||
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| - | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | ||
| - | </div> | ||
| - | <div class="pdbe-citations 1e9n" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
| - | [[Category: | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
[[Category: Large Structures]] | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
| - | [[Category: Beernink | + | [[Category: Beernink PT]] |
| - | [[Category: Rupp | + | [[Category: Rupp B]] |
| - | [[Category: Segelke | + | [[Category: Segelke BW]] |
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Revision as of 10:00, 20 March 2024
A second divalent metal ion in the active site of a new crystal form of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, Ape1, and its implications for the catalytic mechanism
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