| Structural highlights
Disease
PKD2_HUMAN Defects in PKD2 are the cause of polycystic kidney disease 2 (PKD2) [MIM:613095. PKD2 is a disorder characterized by progressive formation and enlargement of cysts in both kidneys, typically leading to end-stage renal disease in adult life. Cysts also occurs in the liver and other organs. It represents approximately 15% of the cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PKD2 is clinically milder than PKD1 but it has a deleterious impact on overall life expectancy.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Function
PKD2_HUMAN Involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium (By similarity). PKD1 and PKD2 may function through a common signaling pathway that is necessary for normal tubulogenesis (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of cilium length, together with PKD1 (By similarity). The dynamic control of cilium length is essential in the regulation of mechanotransductive signaling. The cilium length response creates a negative feedback loop whereby fluid shear-mediated deflection of the primary cilium, which decreases intracellular cAMP, leads to cilium shortening and thus decreases flow-induced signaling (By similarity). Functions as a calcium permeable cation channel.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of polycystin-2 (PC2/TRPP2), a Ca(2+)-permeable channel, is frequently mutated or truncated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. We have previously shown that this tail consists of three functional regions: an EF-hand domain (PC2-EF, 720-797), a flexible linker (798-827), and an oligomeric coiled coil domain (828-895). We found that PC2-EF binds Ca(2+) at a single site and undergoes Ca(2+)-dependent conformational changes, suggesting it is an essential element of Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of PC2 activity. Here we describe the NMR structure and dynamics of Ca(2+)-bound PC2-EF. Human PC2-EF contains a divergent non-Ca(2+)-binding helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif packed against a canonical Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand motif. This HLH motif may have evolved from a canonical EF-hand found in invertebrate PC2 homologs. Temperature-dependent steady-state NOE experiments and NMR R(1) and R(2) relaxation rates correlate with increased molecular motion in the EF-hand, possibly due to exchange between apo and Ca(2+)-bound states, consistent with a role for PC2-EF as a Ca(2+)-sensitive regulator. Structure-based sequence conservation analysis reveals a conserved hydrophobic surface in the same region, which may mediate Ca(2+)-dependent protein interactions. We propose that Ca(2+)-sensing by PC2-EF is responsible for the cooperative nature of PC2 channel activation and inhibition. Based on our results, we present a mechanism of regulation of the Ca(2+) dependence of PC2 channel activity by PC2-EF.
Structure of the EF-hand domain of polycystin-2 suggests a mechanism for Ca2+-dependent regulation of polycystin-2 channel activity.,Petri ET, Celic A, Kennedy SD, Ehrlich BE, Boggon TJ, Hodsdon ME Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 May 18;107(20):9176-81. Epub 2010 May 3. PMID:20439752[10]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Veldhuisen B, Saris JJ, de Haij S, Hayashi T, Reynolds DM, Mochizuki T, Elles R, Fossdal R, Bogdanova N, van Dijk MA, Coto E, Ravine D, Norby S, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Breuning MH, Somlo S, Peters DJ. A spectrum of mutations in the second gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD2). Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Sep;61(3):547-55. PMID:9326320
- ↑ Reynolds DM, Hayashi T, Cai Y, Veldhuisen B, Watnick TJ, Lens XM, Mochizuki T, Qian F, Maeda Y, Li L, Fossdal R, Coto E, Wu G, Breuning MH, Germino GG, Peters DJ, Somlo S. Aberrant splicing in the PKD2 gene as a cause of polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Nov;10(11):2342-51. PMID:10541293
- ↑ Torra R, Viribay M, Telleria D, Badenas C, Watson M, Harris P, Darnell A, San Millan JL. Seven novel mutations of the PKD2 gene in families with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 1999 Jul;56(1):28-33. PMID:10411676 doi:kid534
- ↑ Watnick T, He N, Wang K, Liang Y, Parfrey P, Hefferton D, St George-Hyslop P, Germino G, Pei Y. Mutations of PKD1 in ADPKD2 cysts suggest a pathogenic effect of trans-heterozygous mutations. Nat Genet. 2000 Jun;25(2):143-4. PMID:10835625 doi:10.1038/75981
- ↑ Reiterova J, Stekrova J, Peters DJ, Kapras J, Kohoutova M, Merta M, Zidovska J. Four novel mutations of the PKD2 gene in Czech families with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hum Mutat. 2002 May;19(5):573. PMID:11968093 doi:10.1002/humu.9035
- ↑ Magistroni R, He N, Wang K, Andrew R, Johnson A, Gabow P, Dicks E, Parfrey P, Torra R, San-Millan JL, Coto E, Van Dijk M, Breuning M, Peters D, Bogdanova N, Ligabue G, Albertazzi A, Hateboer N, Demetriou K, Pierides A, Deltas C, St George-Hyslop P, Ravine D, Pei Y. Genotype-renal function correlation in type 2 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 May;14(5):1164-74. PMID:12707387
- ↑ Stekrova J, Reiterova J, Merta M, Damborsky J, Zidovska J, Kebrdlova V, Kohoutova M. PKD2 mutations in a Czech population with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 May;19(5):1116-22. Epub 2004 Feb 19. PMID:14993477 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh083
- ↑ Peltola P, Lumiaho A, Miettinen R, Pihlajamaki J, Sandford R, Laakso M. Genetics and phenotypic characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Finns. J Mol Med (Berl). 2005 Aug;83(8):638-46. Epub 2005 Mar 17. PMID:15772804 doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0644-6
- ↑ Hoefele J, Mayer K, Scholz M, Klein HG. Novel PKD1 and PKD2 mutations in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011 Jul;26(7):2181-8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq720. Epub, 2010 Nov 29. PMID:21115670 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq720
- ↑ Petri ET, Celic A, Kennedy SD, Ehrlich BE, Boggon TJ, Hodsdon ME. Structure of the EF-hand domain of polycystin-2 suggests a mechanism for Ca2+-dependent regulation of polycystin-2 channel activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 May 18;107(20):9176-81. Epub 2010 May 3. PMID:20439752
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