| Structural highlights
Function
ICP27_HHV11 Multifunctional regulator of the expression of viral genes that contributes to the shutoff of host protein synthesis and mediates nuclear export of viral intronless mRNAs. Early in infection, this immediate early (EI) protein mediates the inhibition of cellular splicing. This results in the accumulation of unprocessed 3'end pre-mRNAs which can't be exported from the nucleus. Cellular protein synthesis is thereby shut off early after virus infection. Later in the infection, it helps recruit cellular RNA polymerase II to viral replication sites and promotes the nuclear export of viral intronless mRNAs by interacting with mRNAs and host NXF1/TAP. ICP27 binds to NUP62 which may provide facilitated viral mRNA export and may indirectly compete with some host cell transport receptors for binding and inhibit cellular nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. Also stimulates translation of viral transcripts. Repression of host gene expression blocks the cell cycle at the G1 phase and prevents apoptosis. Seems to silence the 3' splice site of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) intron 7a, thereby switching PML isoforms from PML-II to PML-V. This could be linked to the accelerated mRNA export induced by ICP27 which might not provide sufficient time for PML pre-mRNA to be spliced in the nucleus.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Herpesviruses cause life-long infections by evading the host immune system and establishing latent infections. All mammalian herpesviruses express an essential multifunctional protein that is typified by ICP27 encoded by Herpes Simplex Virus 1. The only region that is conserved among the diverse members of the ICP27 family is a predicted globular domain that has been termed the ICP27 homology domain. Here we present the first crystal structure of the ICP27 homology domain, solved to 1.9 A resolution. The protein is a homo-dimer, adopting a novel intertwined fold with one CHCC zinc-binding site per monomer. The dimerization, which was independently confirmed by SEC-MALS and AUC, is stabilized by an extensive network of intermolecular contacts, and a domain-swap involving the two N-terminal helices and C-terminal tails. Each monomer contains a lid motif that can clamp the C-terminal tail of its dimeric binding partner against its globular core, without forming any distinct secondary structure elements. The binding interface was probed with point mutations, none of which had a noticeable effect on dimer formation; however deletion of the C-terminal tail region prevented dimer formation in vivo. The structure provides a template for future biochemical studies and modelling of ICP27 homologs from other herpesviruses.
The structure of the folded domain from the signature multifunctional protein ICP27 from herpes simplex virus-1 reveals an intertwined dimer.,Tunnicliffe RB, Schacht M, Levy C, Jowitt TA, Sandri-Goldin RM, Golovanov AP Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 11;5:11234. doi: 10.1038/srep11234. PMID:26062451[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Bryant HE, Wadd SE, Lamond AI, Silverstein SJ, Clements JB. Herpes simplex virus IE63 (ICP27) protein interacts with spliceosome-associated protein 145 and inhibits splicing prior to the first catalytic step. J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4376-85. PMID:11287586 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.9.4376-4385.2001
- ↑ Sciabica KS, Dai QJ, Sandri-Goldin RM. ICP27 interacts with SRPK1 to mediate HSV splicing inhibition by altering SR protein phosphorylation. EMBO J. 2003 Apr 1;22(7):1608-19. PMID:12660167 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdg166
- ↑ Dai-Ju JQ, Li L, Johnson LA, Sandri-Goldin RM. ICP27 interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and facilitates its recruitment to herpes simplex virus 1 transcription sites, where it undergoes proteasomal degradation during infection. J Virol. 2006 Apr;80(7):3567-81. PMID:16537625 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.7.3567-3581.2006
- ↑ Johnson LA, Li L, Sandri-Goldin RM. The cellular RNA export receptor TAP/NXF1 is required for ICP27-mediated export of herpes simplex virus 1 RNA, but the TREX complex adaptor protein Aly/REF appears to be dispensable. J Virol. 2009 Jul;83(13):6335-46. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00375-09. Epub 2009 Apr 15. PMID:19369354 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00375-09
- ↑ Souki SK, Sandri-Goldin RM. Arginine methylation of the ICP27 RGG box regulates the functional interactions of ICP27 with SRPK1 and Aly/REF during herpes simplex virus 1 infection. J Virol. 2009 Sep;83(17):8970-5. Epub 2009 Jun 24. PMID:19553338 doi:http://dx.doi.org/JVI.00801-09
- ↑ Malik P, Tabarraei A, Kehlenbach RH, Korfali N, Iwasawa R, Graham SV, Schirmer EC. Herpes simplex virus ICP27 protein directly interacts with the nuclear pore complex through Nup62, inhibiting host nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. J Biol Chem. 2012 Apr 6;287(15):12277-92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.331777. Epub 2012, Feb 14. PMID:22334672 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.331777
- ↑ Sandri-Goldin RM. ICP27 mediates HSV RNA export by shuttling through a leucine-rich nuclear export signal and binding viral intronless RNAs through an RGG motif. Genes Dev. 1998 Mar 15;12(6):868-79. PMID:9512520
- ↑ Tunnicliffe RB, Schacht M, Levy C, Jowitt TA, Sandri-Goldin RM, Golovanov AP. The structure of the folded domain from the signature multifunctional protein ICP27 from herpes simplex virus-1 reveals an intertwined dimer. Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 11;5:11234. doi: 10.1038/srep11234. PMID:26062451 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep11234
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