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| | <StructureSection load='1xcw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1xcw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='1xcw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1xcw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1xcw]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1XCW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1XCW FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1xcw]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1XCW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1XCW FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLC:ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>GLC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AC1:6-METHYL-5-(4,5,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-HYDROXYMETHYL-CYCLOHEX-2-ENYLAMINO)-TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-2,3,4-TRIOL'>AC1</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PCA:PYROGLUTAMIC+ACID'>PCA</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AC1:6-METHYL-5-(4,5,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-HYDROXYMETHYL-CYCLOHEX-2-ENYLAMINO)-TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-2,3,4-TRIOL'>AC1</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLC:ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE'>GLC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PCA:PYROGLUTAMIC+ACID'>PCA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PRD_900110:acarbose-derived+trisaccharide'>PRD_900110</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1xcx|1xcx]], [[1xd0|1xd0]], [[1xd1|1xd1]]</div></td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">AMY2A ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-amylase Alpha-amylase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.2.1.1 3.2.1.1] </span></td></tr> | + | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1xcw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1xcw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1xcw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1xcw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1xcw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1xcw ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1xcw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1xcw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1xcw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1xcw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1xcw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1xcw ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | + | == Function == |
| | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AMYP_HUMAN AMYP_HUMAN] |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Alpha-amylase]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Human]]
| + | |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Begum, A]] | + | [[Category: Begum A]] |
| - | [[Category: Brayer, G D]] | + | [[Category: Brayer GD]] |
| - | [[Category: Li, C]] | + | [[Category: Li C]] |
| - | [[Category: Numao, S]] | + | [[Category: Numao S]] |
| - | [[Category: Park, K H]] | + | [[Category: Park KH]] |
| - | [[Category: Withers, S G]] | + | [[Category: Withers SG]] |
| - | [[Category: Acarbose]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Acarbose analogue]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Acarviosine]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Amylase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Catalysis]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Enzyme]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Enzyme mechanism]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Inhibitor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Isoacarbose]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
1xcw is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2Å |
| Ligands: | , , , , , , |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
AMYP_HUMAN
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
A mechanistic study of the poorly understood pathway by which the inhibitor acarbose is enzymatically rearranged by human pancreatic alpha-amylase has been conducted by structurally examining the binding modes of the related inhibitors isoacarbose and acarviosine-glucose, and by novel kinetic measurements of all three inhibitors under conditions that demonstrate this rearrangement process. Unlike acarbose, isoacarbose has a unique terminal alpha-(1-6) linkage to glucose and is found to be resistant to enzymatic rearrangement. This terminal glucose unit is found to bind in the +3 subsite and for the first time reveals the interactions that occur in this part of the active site cleft with certainty. These results also suggest that the +3 binding subsite may be sufficiently flexible to bind the alpha-(1-6) branch points in polysaccharide substrates, and therefore may play a role in allowing efficient cleavage in the direct vicinity of such junctures. Also found to be resistant to enzymatic rearrangement was acarviosine-glucose, which has one fewer glucose unit than acarbose. Collectively, structural studies of all three inhibitors and the specific cleavage pattern of HPA make it possible to outline the simplest sequence of enzymatic reactions likely involved upon acarbose binding. Prominent features incorporated into the starting structure of acarbose to facilitate the synthesis of the final tightly bound pseudo-pentasaccharide product are the restricted availability of hydrolyzable bonds and the placement of the transition state-like acarviosine group. Additional "in situ" experiments designed to elongate and thereby optimize isoacarbose and acarviosine-glucose inhibition using the activated substrate alphaG3F demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and that the principles outlined for acarbose rearrangement can be used to predict the final products that were obtained.
Acarbose rearrangement mechanism implied by the kinetic and structural analysis of human pancreatic alpha-amylase in complex with analogues and their elongated counterparts.,Li C, Begum A, Numao S, Park KH, Withers SG, Brayer GD Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 8;44(9):3347-57. PMID:15736945[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Li C, Begum A, Numao S, Park KH, Withers SG, Brayer GD. Acarbose rearrangement mechanism implied by the kinetic and structural analysis of human pancreatic alpha-amylase in complex with analogues and their elongated counterparts. Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 8;44(9):3347-57. PMID:15736945 doi:10.1021/bi048334e
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