| Structural highlights
Function
P63_MOUSE Acts as a sequence specific DNA binding transcriptional activator or repressor. The isoforms contain a varying set of transactivation and auto-regulating transactivation inhibiting domains thus showing an isoform specific activity. May be required in conjunction with TP73/p73 for initiation of p53/TP53 dependent apoptosis in response to genotoxic insults and the presence of activated oncogenes. Involved in Notch signaling by probably inducing JAG1 and JAG2. Activates transcription of the p21 promoter (By similarity). Activates RIPK4 transcription. Plays a role in the regulation of epithelial morphogenesis. The ratio of DeltaN-type and TA*-type isoforms may govern the maintenance of epithelial stem cell compartments and regulate the initiation of epithelial stratification from the undifferentiated embryonal ectoderm. Required for limb formation from the apical ectodermal ridge.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The p63 gene encodes a master regulator of epidermal commitment, development, and differentiation. Heterozygous mutations in the C-terminal domain of the p63 gene can cause ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome, a life-threatening disorder characterized by skin fragility and severe, long-lasting skin erosions. Despite deep knowledge of p63 functions, little is known about mechanisms underlying disease pathology and possible treatments. Here, we show that multiple AEC-associated p63 mutations, but not those causative of other diseases, lead to thermodynamic protein destabilization, misfolding, and aggregation, similar to the known p53 gain-of-function mutants found in cancer. AEC mutant proteins exhibit impaired DNA binding and transcriptional activity, leading to dominant negative effects due to coaggregation with wild-type p63 and p73. Importantly, p63 aggregation occurs also in a conditional knock-in mouse model for the disorder, in which the misfolded p63 mutant protein leads to severe epidermal defects. Variants of p63 that abolish aggregation of the mutant proteins are able to rescue p63's transcriptional function in reporter assays as well as in a human fibroblast-to-keratinocyte conversion assay. Our studies reveal that AEC syndrome is a protein aggregation disorder and opens avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Protein aggregation of the p63 transcription factor underlies severe skin fragility in AEC syndrome.,Russo C, Osterburg C, Sirico A, Antonini D, Ambrosio R, Wurz JM, Rinnenthal J, Ferniani M, Kehrloesser S, Schafer B, Guntert P, Sinha S, Dotsch V, Missero C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jan 30;115(5):E906-E915. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1713773115. Epub 2018 Jan 16. PMID:29339502[6]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Mills AA, Zheng B, Wang XJ, Vogel H, Roop DR, Bradley A. p63 is a p53 homologue required for limb and epidermal morphogenesis. Nature. 1999 Apr 22;398(6729):708-13. doi: 10.1038/19531. PMID:10227293 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19531
- ↑ Yang A, Schweitzer R, Sun D, Kaghad M, Walker N, Bronson RT, Tabin C, Sharpe A, Caput D, Crum C, McKeon F. p63 is essential for regenerative proliferation in limb, craniofacial and epithelial development. Nature. 1999 Apr 22;398(6729):714-8. doi: 10.1038/19539. PMID:10227294 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19539
- ↑ Flores ER, Tsai KY, Crowley D, Sengupta S, Yang A, McKeon F, Jacks T. p63 and p73 are required for p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nature. 2002 Apr 4;416(6880):560-4. doi: 10.1038/416560a. PMID:11932750 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416560a
- ↑ Koster MI, Kim S, Mills AA, DeMayo FJ, Roop DR. p63 is the molecular switch for initiation of an epithelial stratification program. Genes Dev. 2004 Jan 15;18(2):126-31. doi: 10.1101/gad.1165104. Epub 2004 Jan 16. PMID:14729569 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1165104
- ↑ Mitchell K, O'Sullivan J, Missero C, Blair E, Richardson R, Anderson B, Antonini D, Murray JC, Shanske AL, Schutte BC, Romano RA, Sinha S, Bhaskar SS, Black GC, Dixon J, Dixon MJ. Exome sequence identifies RIPK4 as the Bartsocas-Papas syndrome locus. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jan 13;90(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.013. Epub, 2011 Dec 22. PMID:22197488 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.013
- ↑ Russo C, Osterburg C, Sirico A, Antonini D, Ambrosio R, Wurz JM, Rinnenthal J, Ferniani M, Kehrloesser S, Schafer B, Guntert P, Sinha S, Dotsch V, Missero C. Protein aggregation of the p63 transcription factor underlies severe skin fragility in AEC syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jan 30;115(5):E906-E915. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1713773115. Epub 2018 Jan 16. PMID:29339502 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713773115
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