8y0r

Structural highlights

Function

D0E7R9_9PICO Covalently linked to the 5'-end of both the positive-strand and negative-strand genomic RNAs. Acts as a genome-linked replication primer.[ARBA:ARBA00002573] Cysteine protease that generates mature viral proteins from the precursor polyprotein. In addition to its proteolytic activity, binds to viral RNA and thus influences viral genome replication. RNA and substrate bind cooperatively to the protease.[ARBA:ARBA00004047] Lies on the inner surface of the capsid shell. After binding to the host receptor, the capsid undergoes conformational changes. Capsid protein VP4 is released, capsid protein VP1 N-terminus is externalized, and together, they shape a pore in the host membrane through which the viral genome is translocated into the host cell cytoplasm. After genome has been released, the channel shrinks.[ARBA:ARBA00033716] Mediates self-processing of the polyprotein by a translational effect termed 'ribosome skipping'. Mechanistically, 2A-mediated cleavage occurs between the C-terminal glycine and the proline of the downstream protein 2B. In the case of foot-and-mouth disease virus, the 2A oligopeptide is post-translationally 'trimmed' from the C-terminus of the upstream protein 1D by 3C proteinase.[ARBA:ARBA00002616] Plays an essential role in the virus replication cycle by acting as a viroporin. Creates a pore in the host reticulum endoplasmic and as a consequence releases Ca2+ in the cytoplasm of infected cell. In turn, high levels of cytoplasmic calcium may trigger membrane trafficking and transport of viral ER-associated proteins to viroplasms, sites of viral genome replication.[ARBA:ARBA00003379] RNA-directed RNA polymerase 3D-POL replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals. Covalently attaches UMP to a tyrosine of VPg, which is used to prime RNA synthesis. The positive stranded RNA genome is first replicated at virus induced membranous vesicles, creating a dsRNA genomic replication form. This dsRNA is then used as template to synthesize positive stranded RNA genomes. ss(+)RNA genomes are either translated, replicated or encapsidated.[ARBA:ARBA00004027]