2x1d

Structural highlights

Function

AATA_PENCH Isopenicillin-N N-acyltransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of penicillin, the world's most important antibiotic (PubMed:1368505, PubMed:2110531, PubMed:2120195). AatA catalyzes the exchange of the alpha-aminoadipyl side chain of isopenicillin N for phenylacetic acid to yield penicillin (PubMed:1368505, PubMed:2110531, PubMed:2120195). This step occurs in the peroxisomal matrix and the penM and paaT transporters are involved in the isopenicillin N and phenylacetic acid import into the peroxisome, respectively (PubMed:23053082). The penicillin biosynthesis occurs via 3 enzymatic steps, the first corresponding to the production of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) by the NRPS acvA. The tripeptide ACV is then cyclized to isopenicillin N (IPN) by the isopenicillin N synthase ipnA that forms the beta-lactam nucleus. Finally, the alpha-aminoadipyl side chain is exchanged for phenylacetic acid by the isopenicillin N acyltransferase aatA to yield penicillin in the peroxisomal matrix (Probable) (PubMed:1368505).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Smith DJ, Burnham MK, Edwards J, Earl AJ, Turner G. Cloning and heterologous expression of the penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster from penicillum chrysogenum. Biotechnology (N Y). 1990 Jan;8(1):39-41. PMID:1368505 doi:10.1038/nbt0190-39
2. ↑ Whiteman PA, Abraham EP, Baldwin JE, Fleming MD, Schofield CJ, Sutherland JD, Willis AC. Acyl coenzyme A: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase from Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans. FEBS Lett. 1990 Mar 26;262(2):342-4. PMID:2110531 doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80224-7
3. ↑ Tobin MB, Fleming MD, Skatrud PL, Miller JR. Molecular characterization of the acyl-coenzyme A:isopenicillin N acyltransferase gene (penDE) from Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans and activity of recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1990 Oct;172(10):5908-14. PMID:2120195 doi:10.1128/jb.172.10.5908-5914.1990
4. ↑ Fernández-Aguado M, Ullán RV, Teijeira F, Rodríguez-Castro R, Martín JF. The transport of phenylacetic acid across the peroxisomal membrane is mediated by the PaaT protein in Penicillium chrysogenum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Apr;97(7):3073-84. PMID:23053082 doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4425-1
5. ↑ Smith DJ, Burnham MK, Edwards J, Earl AJ, Turner G. Cloning and heterologous expression of the penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster from penicillum chrysogenum. Biotechnology (N Y). 1990 Jan;8(1):39-41. PMID:1368505 doi:10.1038/nbt0190-39
6. ↑ Bokhove M, Yoshida H, Hensgens CM, van der Laan JM, Sutherland JD, Dijkstra BW. Structures of an isopenicillin N converting Ntn-hydrolase reveal different catalytic roles for the active site residues of precursor and mature enzyme. Structure. 2010 Mar 10;18(3):301-8. PMID:20223213 doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.01.005