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| | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8fiw]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8FIW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8FIW FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8fiw]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8FIW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8FIW FirstGlance]. <br> |
| | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.54Å</td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.54Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=Y0E:N-([1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-2-oxo-2-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amino}-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide'>Y0E</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=Y1E:N-([1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N-[(1S)-2-oxo-2-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amino}-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide'>Y1E</scene></td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=Y0E:~{N}-[(1~{R})-2-oxidanylidene-2-[[(1~{S})-1-phenylethyl]amino]-1-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl]-~{N}-(4-phenylphenyl)prop-2-enamide'>Y0E</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=Y1E:~{N}-[(1~{S})-2-oxidanylidene-2-[[(1~{S})-1-phenylethyl]amino]-1-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl]-~{N}-(4-phenylphenyl)prop-2-enamide'>Y1E</scene></td></tr> |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8fiw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8fiw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8fiw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8fiw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8fiw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8fiw ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8fiw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8fiw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8fiw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8fiw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8fiw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8fiw ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is a validated antiviral drug target of nirmatrelvir, the active ingredient in Pfizer's oral drug Paxlovid. Drug-drug interactions limit the use of Paxlovid. In addition, drug-resistant M(pro) mutants against nirmatrelvir have been identified from cell culture viral passage and naturally occurring variants. As such, there is a need for a second generation of M(pro) inhibitors. In this study, we explored several reactive warheads in the design of M(pro) inhibitors. We identified Jun11119R (vinyl sulfonamide warhead), Jun10221R (propiolamide warhead), Jun1112R (4-chlorobut-2-ynamide warhead), Jun10541R (nitrile warhead), and Jun10963R (dually activated nitrile warhead) as potent M(pro) inhibitors. Jun10541R and Jun10963R also had potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells with EC(50) values of 2.92 and 6.47 muM, respectively. X-ray crystal structures of M(pro) with Jun10541R and Jun10221 revealed covalent modification of Cys145. These M(pro) inhibitors with diverse reactive warheads collectively represent promising candidates for further development. | | SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is a validated antiviral drug target of nirmatrelvir, the active ingredient in Pfizer's oral drug Paxlovid. Drug-drug interactions limit the use of Paxlovid. In addition, drug-resistant M(pro) mutants against nirmatrelvir have been identified from cell culture viral passage and naturally occurring variants. As such, there is a need for a second generation of M(pro) inhibitors. In this study, we explored several reactive warheads in the design of M(pro) inhibitors. We identified Jun11119R (vinyl sulfonamide warhead), Jun10221R (propiolamide warhead), Jun1112R (4-chlorobut-2-ynamide warhead), Jun10541R (nitrile warhead), and Jun10963R (dually activated nitrile warhead) as potent M(pro) inhibitors. Jun10541R and Jun10963R also had potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells with EC(50) values of 2.92 and 6.47 muM, respectively. X-ray crystal structures of M(pro) with Jun10541R and Jun10221 revealed covalent modification of Cys145. These M(pro) inhibitors with diverse reactive warheads collectively represent promising candidates for further development. |
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| - | Exploring diverse reactive warheads for the design of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.,Tan B, Sacco M, Tan H, Li K, Joyce R, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang J Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Jul 19;259:115667. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115667. PMID:37482021<ref>PMID:37482021</ref> | + | Exploring diverse reactive warheads for the design of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.,Tan B, Sacco M, Tan H, Li K, Joyce R, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang J Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Nov 5;259:115667. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115667. Epub , 2023 Jul 19. PMID:37482021<ref>PMID:37482021</ref> |
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| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| Structural highlights
Function
R1AB_SARS2 Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3. Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Participates in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1-phosphate (ADRP).[UniProtKB:P0C6X7][1] Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Enzyme possessing two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity. Acts as a proofreading exoribonuclease for RNA replication, thereby lowering The sensitivity of the virus to RNA mutagens.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which is essential to evade immune system.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is a validated antiviral drug target of nirmatrelvir, the active ingredient in Pfizer's oral drug Paxlovid. Drug-drug interactions limit the use of Paxlovid. In addition, drug-resistant M(pro) mutants against nirmatrelvir have been identified from cell culture viral passage and naturally occurring variants. As such, there is a need for a second generation of M(pro) inhibitors. In this study, we explored several reactive warheads in the design of M(pro) inhibitors. We identified Jun11119R (vinyl sulfonamide warhead), Jun10221R (propiolamide warhead), Jun1112R (4-chlorobut-2-ynamide warhead), Jun10541R (nitrile warhead), and Jun10963R (dually activated nitrile warhead) as potent M(pro) inhibitors. Jun10541R and Jun10963R also had potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells with EC(50) values of 2.92 and 6.47 muM, respectively. X-ray crystal structures of M(pro) with Jun10541R and Jun10221 revealed covalent modification of Cys145. These M(pro) inhibitors with diverse reactive warheads collectively represent promising candidates for further development.
Exploring diverse reactive warheads for the design of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.,Tan B, Sacco M, Tan H, Li K, Joyce R, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang J Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Nov 5;259:115667. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115667. Epub , 2023 Jul 19. PMID:37482021[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Zhang L, Lin D, Sun X, Curth U, Drosten C, Sauerhering L, Becker S, Rox K, Hilgenfeld R. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved alpha-ketoamide inhibitors. Science. 2020 Mar 20. pii: science.abb3405. doi: 10.1126/science.abb3405. PMID:32198291 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3405
- ↑ Tan B, Sacco M, Tan H, Li K, Joyce R, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang J. Exploring diverse reactive warheads for the design of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Jul 19;259:115667. PMID:37482021 doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115667
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