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| | <StructureSection load='3d0g' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3d0g]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='3d0g' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3d0g]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3d0g]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3D0G OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3D0G FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3d0g]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguma_larvata Paguma larvata] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3D0G OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3D0G FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDG:2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE'>NDG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2ajf|2ajf]], [[3d0h|3d0h]], [[3d0i|3d0i]]</div></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDG:2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE'>NDG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">ACE2, UNQ868/PRO1885 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.17.23 3.4.17.23] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3d0g FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3d0g OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3d0g PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3d0g RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3d0g PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3d0g ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3d0g FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3d0g OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3d0g PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3d0g RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3d0g PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3d0g ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACE2_PAGLA ACE2_PAGLA]] Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. May be an important regulator of heart function (By similarity). Functional receptor for human coronavirus SARS. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SPIKE_CVHSA SPIKE_CVHSA]] S1 attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with human ACE2 and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, initiating the infection. Binding to the receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell probably induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein. Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes. S2 is a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACE2_PAGLA ACE2_PAGLA] Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. May be an important regulator of heart function (By similarity). Functional receptor for human coronavirus SARS.[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACE2_HUMAN ACE2_HUMAN] Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. May be an important regulator of heart function. In case of human coronaviruses SARS and HCoV-NL63 infections, serve as functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of both coronaviruses.<ref>PMID:10969042</ref> <ref>PMID:10924499</ref> <ref>PMID:14647384</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/d0/3d0g_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/d0/3d0g_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| - | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
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| | *[[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3D structures|Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3D structures]] | | *[[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3D structures|Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3D structures]] |
| | *[[Sandbox 3001|Sandbox 3001]] | | *[[Sandbox 3001|Sandbox 3001]] |
| - | *[[Spike protein|Spike protein]] | + | *[[Spike protein 3D structures|Spike protein 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Human]]
| + | |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Li, F]] | + | [[Category: Paguma larvata]] |
| - | [[Category: Ace2]] | + | [[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]] |
| - | [[Category: Carboxypeptidase]]
| + | [[Category: Li F]] |
| - | [[Category: Chloride]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Cross-species infection]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Envelope protein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Glycoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Host adaptation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Host-virus interaction]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Lipoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Membrane]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Metal-binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Metalloprotease]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Palm civet]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Palmitate]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protease]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Rbd]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Receptor-binding domain]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Sars coronavirus]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Secreted]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Spike protein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Transmembrane]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Virion]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Virulence]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Virus-host interface]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
3d0g is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens, Paguma larvata and Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.8Å |
| Ligands: | , , , |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
ACE2_PAGLA Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. May be an important regulator of heart function (By similarity). Functional receptor for human coronavirus SARS.ACE2_HUMAN Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. May be an important regulator of heart function. In case of human coronaviruses SARS and HCoV-NL63 infections, serve as functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of both coronaviruses.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
It is believed that a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), was passed from palm civets to humans and caused the epidemic of SARS in 2002 to 2003. The major species barriers between humans and civets for SARS-CoV infections are the specific interactions between a defined receptor-binding domain (RBD) on a viral spike protein and its host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this study a chimeric ACE2 bearing the critical N-terminal helix from civet and the remaining peptidase domain from human was constructed, and it was shown that this construct has the same receptor activity as civet ACE2. In addition, crystal structures of the chimeric ACE2 complexed with RBDs from various human and civet SARS-CoV strains were determined. These structures, combined with a previously determined structure of human ACE2 complexed with the RBD from a human SARS-CoV strain, have revealed a structural basis for understanding the major species barriers between humans and civets for SARS-CoV infections. They show that the major species barriers are determined by interactions between four ACE2 residues (residues 31, 35, 38, and 353) and two RBD residues (residues 479 and 487), that early civet SARS-CoV isolates were prevented from infecting human cells due to imbalanced salt bridges at the hydrophobic virus/receptor interface, and that SARS-CoV has evolved to gain sustained infectivity for human cells by eliminating unfavorable free charges at the interface through stepwise mutations at positions 479 and 487. These results enhance our understanding of host adaptations and cross-species infections of SARS-CoV and other emerging animal viruses.
Structural analysis of major species barriers between humans and palm civets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections.,Li F J Virol. 2008 Jul;82(14):6984-91. Epub 2008 Apr 30. PMID:18448527[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, Acton S. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res. 2000 Sep 1;87(5):E1-9. PMID:10969042
- ↑ Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33238-43. PMID:10924499 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M002615200
- ↑ Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, Somasundaran M, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Greenough TC, Choe H, Farzan M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003 Nov 27;426(6965):450-4. PMID:14647384 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02145
- ↑ Li F. Structural analysis of major species barriers between humans and palm civets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. J Virol. 2008 Jul;82(14):6984-91. Epub 2008 Apr 30. PMID:18448527 doi:10.1128/JVI.00442-08
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