3pah
From Proteopedia
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The aromatic amino acid hydroxylases represent a superfamily of, structurally and functionally closely related enzymes, one of those, functions being reversible inhibition by catechol derivatives. Here we, present the crystal structure of the dimeric catalytic domain (residues, 117-424) of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (hPheOH), cocrystallized with, various potent and well-known catechol inhibitors and refined at a, resolution of 2.0 A. The catechols bind by bidentate coordination to each, iron in both subunits of the dimer through the catechol hydroxyl groups, forming a blue-green colored ligand-to-metal charge-transfer complex. In, addition, Glu330 and Tyr325 are identified as determinant residues in the, recognition of the inhibitors. In particular, the interaction with Glu330, conforms to the structural explanation for the pH dependence of, catecholamine binding to PheOH, with a pKa value of 5.1 (20 degreesC). The, overall structure of the catechol-bound enzyme is very similar to that of, the uncomplexed enzyme (rms difference of 0.2 A for the Calpha atoms)., Most striking is the replacement of two iron-bound water molecules with, catechol hydroxyl groups. This change is consistent with a change in the, ligand field symmetry of the high-spin (S = 5/2) Fe(III) from a rhombic to, a nearly axial ligand field symmetry as seen upon noradrenaline binding, using EPR spectroscopy [Martinez, A., Andersson, K. K., Haavik, J., and, Flatmark, T. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 198, 675-682]. Crystallographic, comparison with the structurally related rat tyrosine hydroxylase binary, complex with the oxidized cofactor 7,8-dihydrobiopterin revealed, overlapping binding sites for the catechols and the cofactor, compatible, with a competitive type of inhibition of the catechols versus BH4. The, comparison demonstrates some structural differences at the active site as, the potential basis for the different substrate specificity of the two, enzymes. | The aromatic amino acid hydroxylases represent a superfamily of, structurally and functionally closely related enzymes, one of those, functions being reversible inhibition by catechol derivatives. Here we, present the crystal structure of the dimeric catalytic domain (residues, 117-424) of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (hPheOH), cocrystallized with, various potent and well-known catechol inhibitors and refined at a, resolution of 2.0 A. The catechols bind by bidentate coordination to each, iron in both subunits of the dimer through the catechol hydroxyl groups, forming a blue-green colored ligand-to-metal charge-transfer complex. In, addition, Glu330 and Tyr325 are identified as determinant residues in the, recognition of the inhibitors. In particular, the interaction with Glu330, conforms to the structural explanation for the pH dependence of, catecholamine binding to PheOH, with a pKa value of 5.1 (20 degreesC). The, overall structure of the catechol-bound enzyme is very similar to that of, the uncomplexed enzyme (rms difference of 0.2 A for the Calpha atoms)., Most striking is the replacement of two iron-bound water molecules with, catechol hydroxyl groups. This change is consistent with a change in the, ligand field symmetry of the high-spin (S = 5/2) Fe(III) from a rhombic to, a nearly axial ligand field symmetry as seen upon noradrenaline binding, using EPR spectroscopy [Martinez, A., Andersson, K. K., Haavik, J., and, Flatmark, T. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 198, 675-682]. Crystallographic, comparison with the structurally related rat tyrosine hydroxylase binary, complex with the oxidized cofactor 7,8-dihydrobiopterin revealed, overlapping binding sites for the catechols and the cofactor, compatible, with a competitive type of inhibition of the catechols versus BH4. The, comparison demonstrates some structural differences at the active site as, the potential basis for the different substrate specificity of the two, enzymes. | ||
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| + | ==Disease== | ||
| + | Known diseases associated with this structure: Hyperphenylalaninemia, mild OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=261600 261600]], Phenylketonuria OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=261600 261600]] | ||
==About this Structure== | ==About this Structure== | ||
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[[Category: oxidoreductase]] | [[Category: oxidoreductase]] | ||
| - | ''Page seeded by [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Mon Nov | + | ''Page seeded by [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Mon Nov 12 23:49:27 2007'' |
Revision as of 21:42, 12 November 2007
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HUMAN PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE CATALYTIC DOMAIN DIMER WITH BOUND ADRENALINE INHIBITOR
Contents |
Overview
The aromatic amino acid hydroxylases represent a superfamily of, structurally and functionally closely related enzymes, one of those, functions being reversible inhibition by catechol derivatives. Here we, present the crystal structure of the dimeric catalytic domain (residues, 117-424) of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (hPheOH), cocrystallized with, various potent and well-known catechol inhibitors and refined at a, resolution of 2.0 A. The catechols bind by bidentate coordination to each, iron in both subunits of the dimer through the catechol hydroxyl groups, forming a blue-green colored ligand-to-metal charge-transfer complex. In, addition, Glu330 and Tyr325 are identified as determinant residues in the, recognition of the inhibitors. In particular, the interaction with Glu330, conforms to the structural explanation for the pH dependence of, catecholamine binding to PheOH, with a pKa value of 5.1 (20 degreesC). The, overall structure of the catechol-bound enzyme is very similar to that of, the uncomplexed enzyme (rms difference of 0.2 A for the Calpha atoms)., Most striking is the replacement of two iron-bound water molecules with, catechol hydroxyl groups. This change is consistent with a change in the, ligand field symmetry of the high-spin (S = 5/2) Fe(III) from a rhombic to, a nearly axial ligand field symmetry as seen upon noradrenaline binding, using EPR spectroscopy [Martinez, A., Andersson, K. K., Haavik, J., and, Flatmark, T. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 198, 675-682]. Crystallographic, comparison with the structurally related rat tyrosine hydroxylase binary, complex with the oxidized cofactor 7,8-dihydrobiopterin revealed, overlapping binding sites for the catechols and the cofactor, compatible, with a competitive type of inhibition of the catechols versus BH4. The, comparison demonstrates some structural differences at the active site as, the potential basis for the different substrate specificity of the two, enzymes.
Disease
Known diseases associated with this structure: Hyperphenylalaninemia, mild OMIM:[261600], Phenylketonuria OMIM:[261600]
About this Structure
3PAH is a Single protein structure of sequence from Homo sapiens with FE and ALE as ligands. Active as Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase, with EC number 1.14.16.1 Structure known Active Site: NUL. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
Reference
Crystallographic analysis of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase catalytic domain with bound catechol inhibitors at 2.0 A resolution., Erlandsen H, Flatmark T, Stevens RC, Hough E, Biochemistry. 1998 Nov 10;37(45):15638-46. PMID:9843368
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