2akq

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==Overview==
==Overview==
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BACKGROUND: beta-Lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) is the major whey protein in the milk of ruminants and many other mammals. Its function is not known, but it undergoes at least two pH-dependent conformational changes which may be important. Bovine beta-Lg crystallizes in several different lattices, and medium-resolution structures of orthorhombic lattice Y and trigonal lattice Z have been published. Triclinic lattice X and lattice Z crystals grow at pH values either side of the pH at which one of the pH-induced conformational changes occurs. A full understanding of the structure is needed to help explain both the conformational changes and the different denaturation behaviour of the genetic variants. RESULTS: We have redetermined the structure of beta-Lg lattice Z at 3.0 A resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement and have partially refined it (R factor = 24.8%). Using the dimer from this lattice Z structure as a search model, the triclinic crystal form grown at pH 6.5 (lattice X) has been solved by molecular replacement. Refinement of lattice X at 1.8 A resolution gave an R factor of 18.1%. The structure we have determined differs from previously published structures in several ways. CONCLUSIONS: Incorrect threading of the sequence in the published structures of beta-Lg affects four of the nine beta strands. The basic lipocalin fold of the polypeptide chain is unchanged, however. The relative orientation of the monomers in the beta-Lg dimer differs in the two lattices. On raising the pH, there is a rotation of approximately 5 degrees, which breaks a number of intersubunit hydrogen bonds. It is not yet clear, however, why the stability of the structure should depend so heavily upon the external loop around residue 64 or the beta strand with the free thiol, each of which shows genetic variation.
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Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a globular protein of uncertain physiological function and a member of the lipocalin superfamily of proteins. Here, we present the X-ray structure at 3.0 angstroms of BLG (variant A) from an orthorhombic (P2(1)2(1)2(1)) pseudo-tetragonal crystal form that suffers from pseudo-merohedral twinning (final R(working) = 0.224, R(free) = 0.265). Crystals were grown by dialysis against ultra-purified water (i.e., at very low ionic strength), at pH approximately 5.2 (approximately pI), conditions vastly different from all other BLG structures determined previously. This allows critical assessment of the BLG structure and of the influence that pH, ionic strength, and crystal packing may have on the molecular structure of BLG. The pH-sensitive EF loop is found in the closed conformation characteristic of BLG at pH less than 7 and moderate to high ionic strength. Although the hydrophobic pocket appears to be empty, the presence of highly disordered water molecules cannot be excluded. The dimer interface and the hydrophobic pocket (calyx) are preserved. However, the orientation of the subunits in the dimer varies considerably with crystal form. Structure is deposited with PDB ID 2akq.
==About this Structure==
==About this Structure==
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==Reference==
==Reference==
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Bovine beta-lactoglobulin at 1.8 A resolution--still an enigmatic lipocalin., Brownlow S, Morais Cabral JH, Cooper R, Flower DR, Yewdall SJ, Polikarpov I, North AC, Sawyer L, Structure. 1997 Apr 15;5(4):481-95. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115437 9115437]
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Structure of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (variant A) at very low ionic strength., Adams JJ, Anderson BF, Norris GE, Creamer LK, Jameson GB, J Struct Biol. 2006 Jun;154(3):246-54. Epub 2006 Feb 6. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540345 16540345]
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
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[[Category: Low ionic strength]]
[[Category: Low ionic strength]]
[[Category: Pseudo-merohedral twinning]]
[[Category: Pseudo-merohedral twinning]]
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[[Category: Transport protein]]
[[Category: X-ray]]
[[Category: X-ray]]
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Sat May 3 19:10:12 2008''
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''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed May 28 09:27:38 2008''

Revision as of 06:27, 28 May 2008

Template:STRUCTURE 2akq

The structure of bovine B-lactoglobulin A in crystals grown at very low ionic strength


Overview

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a globular protein of uncertain physiological function and a member of the lipocalin superfamily of proteins. Here, we present the X-ray structure at 3.0 angstroms of BLG (variant A) from an orthorhombic (P2(1)2(1)2(1)) pseudo-tetragonal crystal form that suffers from pseudo-merohedral twinning (final R(working) = 0.224, R(free) = 0.265). Crystals were grown by dialysis against ultra-purified water (i.e., at very low ionic strength), at pH approximately 5.2 (approximately pI), conditions vastly different from all other BLG structures determined previously. This allows critical assessment of the BLG structure and of the influence that pH, ionic strength, and crystal packing may have on the molecular structure of BLG. The pH-sensitive EF loop is found in the closed conformation characteristic of BLG at pH less than 7 and moderate to high ionic strength. Although the hydrophobic pocket appears to be empty, the presence of highly disordered water molecules cannot be excluded. The dimer interface and the hydrophobic pocket (calyx) are preserved. However, the orientation of the subunits in the dimer varies considerably with crystal form. Structure is deposited with PDB ID 2akq.

About this Structure

2AKQ is a Single protein structure of sequence from Bos taurus. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry 1mfh. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.

Reference

Structure of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (variant A) at very low ionic strength., Adams JJ, Anderson BF, Norris GE, Creamer LK, Jameson GB, J Struct Biol. 2006 Jun;154(3):246-54. Epub 2006 Feb 6. PMID:16540345 Page seeded by OCA on Wed May 28 09:27:38 2008

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