Group:MUZIC:ALP

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ALP subfamily: PDZ/LIM domain proteins of the cytoskeleton

On the basis of structural similarities, the ALP (α-Actinin-associated LIM domain Proteins) subfamily are related to the Enigma subfamily [1], containing PDZ/LIM-domains, as well as internal motifs viz ALP-like motif (AM) and ZASP-like motif (ZM). However, the ALP subfamily differs from the Enigma subfamily as each member of the ALP subfamily possess an N-terminal PDZ domain and only one C-terminal LIM domain. Four proteins: ALP (PDLIM3)[1], CLP36(hCLIM1(human)[2], Elfin (mouse)[3], PDLIM1), RIL(PDLIM4) and Mystique[4],[5] (SLIM, PDLIM2) have been classified into the ALP subfamily.

CLP36 (C-terminal LIM Protein 36 kDa)[6] and RIL (Reversion-Induced LIM)[7] protein were the first to be characterized. α-Actinin-associated LIM protein (ALP) was later identified as a 39 kDa protein in rat skeletal muscle with a slightly shorter isoform in heart [8], which shares a high degree of homology with previously characterized CLP36 and RIL proteins[9].

Sequence annotation and domain organization

Domain organization in the ALP protein subfamily
Domain organization in the ALP protein subfamily

Structure

Function and Interactions

Pathology

References

  1. Xia H, Winokur ST, Kuo WL, Altherr MR, Bredt DS. Actinin-associated LIM protein: identification of a domain interaction between PDZ and spectrin-like repeat motifs. J Cell Biol. 1997 Oct 20;139(2):507-15. PMID:9334352
  2. Kotaka M, Ngai SM, Garcia-Barcelo M, Tsui SK, Fung KP, Lee CY, Waye MM. Characterization of the human 36-kDa carboxyl terminal LIM domain protein (hCLIM1). J Cell Biochem. 1999 Feb 1;72(2):279-85. PMID:10022510
  3. Kotaka M, Lau YM, Cheung KK, Lee SM, Li HY, Chan WY, Fung KP, Lee CY, Waye MM, Tsui SK. Elfin is expressed during early heart development. J Cell Biochem. 2001 Aug 21-Sep 5;83(3):463-72. PMID:11596114
  4. Torrado M, Senatorov VV, Trivedi R, Fariss RN, Tomarev SI. Pdlim2, a novel PDZ-LIM domain protein, interacts with alpha-actinins and filamin A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Nov;45(11):3955-63. PMID:15505042 doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0721
  5. Loughran G, Healy NC, Kiely PA, Huigsloot M, Kedersha NL, O'Connor R. Mystique is a new insulin-like growth factor-I-regulated PDZ-LIM domain protein that promotes cell attachment and migration and suppresses Anchorage-independent growth. Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Apr;16(4):1811-22. Epub 2005 Jan 19. PMID:15659642 doi:10.1091/mbc.E04-12-1052
  6. Wang H, Harrison-Shostak DC, Lemasters JJ, Herman B. Cloning of a rat cDNA encoding a novel LIM domain protein with high homology to rat RIL. Gene. 1995 Nov 20;165(2):267-71. PMID:8522188
  7. Kiess M, Scharm B, Aguzzi A, Hajnal A, Klemenz R, Schwarte-Waldhoff I, Schafer R. Expression of ril, a novel LIM domain gene, is down-regulated in Hras-transformed cells and restored in phenotypic revertants. Oncogene. 1995 Jan 5;10(1):61-8. PMID:7824279
  8. Xia H, Winokur ST, Kuo WL, Altherr MR, Bredt DS. Actinin-associated LIM protein: identification of a domain interaction between PDZ and spectrin-like repeat motifs. J Cell Biol. 1997 Oct 20;139(2):507-15. PMID:9334352
  9. Zheng M, Cheng H, Banerjee I, Chen J. ALP/Enigma PDZ-LIM domain proteins in the heart. J Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Apr;2(2):96-102. Epub 2009 Dec 30. PMID:20042479 doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjp038
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