4gz3

Structural highlights

Disease

[OGT1_HUMAN] Regulation of OGT activity and altered O-GlcNAcylations are implicated in diabetes and Alzheimer disease. O-GlcNAcylation of AKT1 affects insulin signaling and, possibly diabetes. Reduced O-GlcNAcylations and resulting increased phosphorylations of MAPT/TAU are observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) brain cerebrum.

Function

[OGT1_HUMAN] Catalyzes the transfer of a single N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to a serine or threonine residue in cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins resulting in their modification with a beta-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Glycosylates a large and diverse number of proteins including histone H2B, AKT1, PFKL, KMT2E/MLL5, MAPT/TAU and HCFC1. Can regulate their cellular processes via cross-talk between glycosylation and phosphorylation or by affecting proteolytic processing. Involved in insulin resistance in muscle and adipocyte cells via glycosylating insulin signaling components and inhibiting the 'Thr-308' phosphorylation of AKT1, enhancing IRS1 phosphorylation and attenuating insulin signaling. Involved in glycolysis regulation by mediating glycosylation of 6-phosphofructokinase PFKL, inhibiting its activity. Component of a THAP1/THAP3-HCFC1-OGT complex that is required for the regulation of the transcriptional activity of RRM1. Plays a key role in chromatin structure by mediating O-GlcNAcylation of 'Ser-112' of histone H2B: recruited to CpG-rich transcription start sites of active genes via its interaction with TET proteins (TET1, TET2 or TET3). As part of the NSL complex indirectly involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]} Isoform 2: the mitochondrial isoform (mOGT) is cytotoxic and triggers apoptosis in several cell types including INS1, an insulinoma cell line.^{[16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]} [CSK21_HUMAN] Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV.^{[31] [32] [33] [34]}

See Also

• O-GlcNAc transferase

References

1. ↑ Yang X, Zhang F, Kudlow JE. Recruitment of O-GlcNAc transferase to promoters by corepressor mSin3A: coupling protein O-GlcNAcylation to transcriptional repression. Cell. 2002 Jul 12;110(1):69-80. PMID:12150998
2. ↑ Yang X, Ongusaha PP, Miles PD, Havstad JC, Zhang F, So WV, Kudlow JE, Michell RH, Olefsky JM, Field SJ, Evans RM. Phosphoinositide signalling links O-GlcNAc transferase to insulin resistance. Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):964-9. PMID:18288188 doi:10.1038/nature06668
3. ↑ Liu F, Shi J, Tanimukai H, Gu J, Gu J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX. Reduced O-GlcNAcylation links lower brain glucose metabolism and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2009 Jul;132(Pt 7):1820-32. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp099. Epub 2009 May 18. PMID:19451179 doi:10.1093/brain/awp099
4. ↑ Fujiki R, Chikanishi T, Hashiba W, Ito H, Takada I, Roeder RG, Kitagawa H, Kato S. GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):455-9. Epub 2009 Apr 19. PMID:19377461 doi:nature07954
5. ↑ Cai Y, Jin J, Swanson SK, Cole MD, Choi SH, Florens L, Washburn MP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC. Subunit composition and substrate specificity of a MOF-containing histone acetyltransferase distinct from the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 12;285(7):4268-72. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C109.087981. Epub 2009 , Dec 14. PMID:20018852 doi:10.1074/jbc.C109.087981
6. ↑ Whelan SA, Dias WB, Thiruneelakantapillai L, Lane MD, Hart GW. Regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)/AKT kinase-mediated insulin signaling by O-Linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 19;285(8):5204-11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.077818. Epub 2009 , Dec 17. PMID:20018868 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.077818
7. ↑ Mazars R, Gonzalez-de-Peredo A, Cayrol C, Lavigne AC, Vogel JL, Ortega N, Lacroix C, Gautier V, Huet G, Ray A, Monsarrat B, Kristie TM, Girard JP. The THAP-zinc finger protein THAP1 associates with coactivator HCF-1 and O-GlcNAc transferase: a link between DYT6 and DYT3 dystonias. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 30;285(18):13364-71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.072579. Epub, 2010 Mar 3. PMID:20200153 doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.072579
8. ↑ Shin SH, Love DC, Hanover JA. Elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent signaling through inducible mOGT expression selectively triggers apoptosis. Amino Acids. 2011 Mar;40(3):885-93. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0719-8. Epub 2010 Sep, 8. PMID:20824293 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0719-8
9. ↑ Daou S, Mashtalir N, Hammond-Martel I, Pak H, Yu H, Sui G, Vogel JL, Kristie TM, Affar el B. Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and proteolytic cleavage regulates the host cell factor-1 maturation pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Feb 15;108(7):2747-52. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1013822108. Epub 2011 Feb 1. PMID:21285374 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013822108
10. ↑ Fujiki R, Hashiba W, Sekine H, Yokoyama A, Chikanishi T, Ito S, Imai Y, Kim J, He HH, Igarashi K, Kanno J, Ohtake F, Kitagawa H, Roeder RG, Brown M, Kato S. GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination. Nature. 2011 Nov 27;480(7378):557-60. doi: 10.1038/nature10656. PMID:22121020 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10656
11. ↑ Yi W, Clark PM, Mason DE, Keenan MC, Hill C, Goddard WA 3rd, Peters EC, Driggers EM, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Phosphofructokinase 1 glycosylation regulates cell growth and metabolism. Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):975-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1222278. PMID:22923583 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1222278
12. ↑ Deplus R, Delatte B, Schwinn MK, Defrance M, Mendez J, Murphy N, Dawson MA, Volkmar M, Putmans P, Calonne E, Shih AH, Levine RL, Bernard O, Mercher T, Solary E, Urh M, Daniels DL, Fuks F. TET2 and TET3 regulate GlcNAcylation and H3K4 methylation through OGT and SET1/COMPASS. EMBO J. 2013 Mar 6;32(5):645-55. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.357. Epub 2013 Jan 25. PMID:23353889 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.357
13. ↑ Chen Q, Chen Y, Bian C, Fujiki R, Yu X. TET2 promotes histone O-GlcNAcylation during gene transcription. Nature. 2013 Jan 24;493(7433):561-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11742. Epub 2012 Dec 9. PMID:23222540 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11742
14. ↑ Jinek M, Rehwinkel J, Lazarus BD, Izaurralde E, Hanover JA, Conti E. The superhelical TPR-repeat domain of O-linked GlcNAc transferase exhibits structural similarities to importin alpha. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Oct;11(10):1001-7. Epub 2004 Sep 12. PMID:15361863 doi:10.1038/nsmb833
15. ↑ Lazarus MB, Nam Y, Jiang J, Sliz P, Walker S. Structure of human O-GlcNAc transferase and its complex with a peptide substrate. Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):564-7. Epub 2011 Jan 16. PMID:21240259 doi:10.1038/nature09638
16. ↑ Yang X, Zhang F, Kudlow JE. Recruitment of O-GlcNAc transferase to promoters by corepressor mSin3A: coupling protein O-GlcNAcylation to transcriptional repression. Cell. 2002 Jul 12;110(1):69-80. PMID:12150998
17. ↑ Yang X, Ongusaha PP, Miles PD, Havstad JC, Zhang F, So WV, Kudlow JE, Michell RH, Olefsky JM, Field SJ, Evans RM. Phosphoinositide signalling links O-GlcNAc transferase to insulin resistance. Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):964-9. PMID:18288188 doi:10.1038/nature06668
18. ↑ Liu F, Shi J, Tanimukai H, Gu J, Gu J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX. Reduced O-GlcNAcylation links lower brain glucose metabolism and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2009 Jul;132(Pt 7):1820-32. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp099. Epub 2009 May 18. PMID:19451179 doi:10.1093/brain/awp099
19. ↑ Fujiki R, Chikanishi T, Hashiba W, Ito H, Takada I, Roeder RG, Kitagawa H, Kato S. GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):455-9. Epub 2009 Apr 19. PMID:19377461 doi:nature07954
20. ↑ Cai Y, Jin J, Swanson SK, Cole MD, Choi SH, Florens L, Washburn MP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC. Subunit composition and substrate specificity of a MOF-containing histone acetyltransferase distinct from the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 12;285(7):4268-72. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C109.087981. Epub 2009 , Dec 14. PMID:20018852 doi:10.1074/jbc.C109.087981
21. ↑ Whelan SA, Dias WB, Thiruneelakantapillai L, Lane MD, Hart GW. Regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)/AKT kinase-mediated insulin signaling by O-Linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 19;285(8):5204-11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.077818. Epub 2009 , Dec 17. PMID:20018868 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.077818
22. ↑ Mazars R, Gonzalez-de-Peredo A, Cayrol C, Lavigne AC, Vogel JL, Ortega N, Lacroix C, Gautier V, Huet G, Ray A, Monsarrat B, Kristie TM, Girard JP. The THAP-zinc finger protein THAP1 associates with coactivator HCF-1 and O-GlcNAc transferase: a link between DYT6 and DYT3 dystonias. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 30;285(18):13364-71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.072579. Epub, 2010 Mar 3. PMID:20200153 doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.072579
23. ↑ Shin SH, Love DC, Hanover JA. Elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent signaling through inducible mOGT expression selectively triggers apoptosis. Amino Acids. 2011 Mar;40(3):885-93. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0719-8. Epub 2010 Sep, 8. PMID:20824293 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0719-8
24. ↑ Daou S, Mashtalir N, Hammond-Martel I, Pak H, Yu H, Sui G, Vogel JL, Kristie TM, Affar el B. Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and proteolytic cleavage regulates the host cell factor-1 maturation pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Feb 15;108(7):2747-52. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1013822108. Epub 2011 Feb 1. PMID:21285374 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013822108
25. ↑ Fujiki R, Hashiba W, Sekine H, Yokoyama A, Chikanishi T, Ito S, Imai Y, Kim J, He HH, Igarashi K, Kanno J, Ohtake F, Kitagawa H, Roeder RG, Brown M, Kato S. GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination. Nature. 2011 Nov 27;480(7378):557-60. doi: 10.1038/nature10656. PMID:22121020 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10656
26. ↑ Yi W, Clark PM, Mason DE, Keenan MC, Hill C, Goddard WA 3rd, Peters EC, Driggers EM, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Phosphofructokinase 1 glycosylation regulates cell growth and metabolism. Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):975-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1222278. PMID:22923583 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1222278
27. ↑ Deplus R, Delatte B, Schwinn MK, Defrance M, Mendez J, Murphy N, Dawson MA, Volkmar M, Putmans P, Calonne E, Shih AH, Levine RL, Bernard O, Mercher T, Solary E, Urh M, Daniels DL, Fuks F. TET2 and TET3 regulate GlcNAcylation and H3K4 methylation through OGT and SET1/COMPASS. EMBO J. 2013 Mar 6;32(5):645-55. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.357. Epub 2013 Jan 25. PMID:23353889 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.357
28. ↑ Chen Q, Chen Y, Bian C, Fujiki R, Yu X. TET2 promotes histone O-GlcNAcylation during gene transcription. Nature. 2013 Jan 24;493(7433):561-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11742. Epub 2012 Dec 9. PMID:23222540 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11742
29. ↑ Jinek M, Rehwinkel J, Lazarus BD, Izaurralde E, Hanover JA, Conti E. The superhelical TPR-repeat domain of O-linked GlcNAc transferase exhibits structural similarities to importin alpha. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Oct;11(10):1001-7. Epub 2004 Sep 12. PMID:15361863 doi:10.1038/nsmb833
30. ↑ Lazarus MB, Nam Y, Jiang J, Sliz P, Walker S. Structure of human O-GlcNAc transferase and its complex with a peptide substrate. Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):564-7. Epub 2011 Jan 16. PMID:21240259 doi:10.1038/nature09638
31. ↑ Keller DM, Zeng X, Wang Y, Zhang QH, Kapoor M, Shu H, Goodman R, Lozano G, Zhao Y, Lu H. A DNA damage-induced p53 serine 392 kinase complex contains CK2, hSpt16, and SSRP1. Mol Cell. 2001 Feb;7(2):283-92. PMID:11239457
32. ↑ Sayed M, Pelech S, Wong C, Marotta A, Salh B. Protein kinase CK2 is involved in G2 arrest and apoptosis following spindle damage in epithelial cells. Oncogene. 2001 Oct 25;20(48):6994-7005. PMID:11704824 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204894
33. ↑ Shin S, Lee Y, Kim W, Ko H, Choi H, Kim K. Caspase-2 primes cancer cells for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by processing procaspase-8. EMBO J. 2005 Oct 19;24(20):3532-42. Epub 2005 Sep 29. PMID:16193064 doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600827
34. ↑ St-Denis NA, Derksen DR, Litchfield DW. Evidence for regulation of mitotic progression through temporal phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CK2alpha. Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Apr;29(8):2068-81. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01563-08. Epub 2009 Feb, 2. PMID:19188443 doi:10.1128/MCB.01563-08
35. ↑ Lazarus MB, Jiang J, Gloster TM, Zandberg WF, Whitworth GE, Vocadlo DJ, Walker S. Structural snapshots of the reaction coordinate for O-GlcNAc transferase. Nat Chem Biol. 2012 Dec;8(12):966-8. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1109. Epub 2012 Oct, 28. PMID:23103939 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1109